美国的酒文化

美国的酒文化（AmericanWineCulture）TheconsumptionandappreciationofwineamongAmericanshasgraduallygivenrisetoadistinctivelyAmericanswineculture.Americanwineenthusiastsemploytheirownlanguage,advocatetheirownbehavioralcodesandengageinceremoniesorfestivalsthatcelebratethefinethingsinlife.美国人饮酒和品酒的习俗已逐渐成为一种独特的酒文化。美国酒迷们使用他们自己的语言，提倡他们自己的行为准则，并且举行庆典或举办酒节来庆祝生活中美好的事情。OnetypicalexampleoftheemergenceofawinecultureintheUSisthefactthatwinefestivalshavesprungupfromcoasttocoast.WhatisdistinctivetoAmericanwinefestivalsisthattheyappearinlocations(e.g.NewYorkCity;Aspen,Colorado;andLongboatKey,Florida)andondateshavingnothingtodowithwineproduction.Mostwinefestivalsaretargetedatthewealthyandconsistofhoursoflectures,seminarsandstructuredblindtastingswherebyparticipantsbuildskillsatidentifyingwinesbysmell,coloration,andtaste.美国酒文化出现的一种典型现象是酒节如雨后春笋般在全国各地出现。美国酒节最显著的特点是：举行的地点（如纽约市、科罗拉多的阿斯彭和佛罗里达的朗博阿特基等）和时间都与酒的生产毫无关系。多数酒节是为有钱人举办的。酒节的内容包括几小时的讲座、讨论会及有组织的品味猜酒活动。通过这些活动，参加者用嗅味、看色、品尝等方法来掌握识别酒的技巧.VarioustermsandphraseshaveemergedtodenotethetypicalsensoryexperiencesthatarebasictotheinductionintoAmericanwineculture.Forexample,whenwinetastersaccentuatetheirappreciationofthevisualappearanceofawine,theyusesuchwordsasstraw-coloured,cloudy,castingamberetc.Todescribetheolfactorypropertiesofawine,theyusefiganddougharomas,cherryandcourantbouquet,richonthenoseetc.Whentheyexpresstheoralsensationsofawine,theysayitisveryrestrainedbutbroadandsoftonthepalate;leanandcitricbutwithdepthtotheflavorsandsubtletexturethatcarriestheflavorthroughtoanimpressivelylongfinish,smoothandharmoniouswithacrispacidityandlongonthefinish,TherearenumerousotherexpressionsofAmericanwineculture.ThewinetalkhasgainedmoreandmorepopularityamongtheAmericanpeople.AndAmericanwineculturehasdrawnmoreandmoreattentioninAmerica.美国酒文化出现了许多术语和短语，用来表达作为美国酒文化入门知识的各种品酒体验。例如，品酒人在强调他们对酒色的评价时会使用诸如：稻草色的、浑浊的、琥珀色的，等等词语。在描述一种酒的气味特点的，他们说；无花果香兼有生面团味、樱桃香兼育库兰特味、纯正醇厚等等。在描述酒的口感时，他们说不太强，但上腭感觉宽广，柔软；淡里透酸，但味道有深度，且质地醇厚，饮后令人回味无穷；平滑适度，有清新的酸度和无穷的回味。美国酒文化还有许多其他的说法。美国人说酒越来越时兴。美国酒文化在国内引起了越来越多的关注。BasicMeaningofChineseWineCulture中国酒文化的基本含义酒文化是指酒在生产、销售、消费过程中所产生的物质文化和精神文化总称。酒文化包括酒的制法、品法、作用、历史等酒文化现象。既有酒自身的物质特征，也有品酒所形成的精神内涵，是制酒饮酒活动过程中形成的特定文化形态。酒文化在中国源远流长，不少文人学士写下了品评鉴赏美酒佳酿的著述，留下了斗酒、写诗、作画、养生、宴会、饯行等酒神佳话。酒作为一种特殊的文化载体，在人类交往中占有独特的地位。酒文化已经渗透到人类社会生活中的各个领域，对文学艺术、医疗卫生、工农业生产、政治经济各方面都有着巨大影响和作用。Winecultureisthecollectivetermofmaterialcultureandspiritualculturegeneratedduringtheproduction,salesandconsumptionofwine.Winecultureincludessuchculturalphenomenonaswinemakingmethods,tastingmethods,functionsandhistory.Withboththematerialfeaturesofwineandthespiritualconnotationgeneratedinwinetasting,winecultureisaspecialculturalformformedintheprocessofwinemakinganddrinking.WinecultureisoflongstandinginChina.Manyliteratorsandscholarscomposedworksoftastingandappreciatingvintage,andleftsuchasstoriesasdrinking,poeticcomposition,drawing,healthpreserving,banquetandfarewelldinner.Wine,asaspecialculturalcarrier,hasauniquepositionininterpersonalinteraction.Wineculturehaspenetratedalmostallfieldsofsociallifeofhumanbeings,andhasgreatinfluencesonallaspectsofliterature,arts,medicaltreatment,health,industrialandagriculturalproduction,politicsandeconomics.中国是卓立世界的文明古国，中国是酒的故乡，中华民族五千年历史长河中，酒和酒类文化一直占据着重要地位，酒是一种特殊的食品，是属于物质的，但酒又融于人们的精神生活之中。酒文化作为一种特殊的文化形式，在传统的中国文化中有其独特的地位，其中也衍生出了酒政制度。Chinaisaworldwidefamouscountrywithancientcivilizationaswellasthehometownofwine.Duringthehistoryabout5000yearsoftheChinesenation,wineandwineculturehasalwaysbeenplayinganimportantrole.Asaspecialfood,wineisphysical.However,wineisalsoblendedwiththespirituallifeofpeople.Wineculture,asaspecialformofculture,hasaspecialpositionintraditionalChinesecultureandderivedthesystemofwine在几千年的文明史中，酒几乎渗透到社会生活中的各个领域。中国是一个以农业为主的国家，因此一切政治、经济活动都以农业发展为立足点。而中国的酒，绝大多数是以粮食酿造的，酒紧紧依附于农业，成为农业经济的一部分。粮食生产的丰歉是酒业兴衰的晴雨表，各朝代统治者根据粮食的收成情况，通过发布酒禁或开禁，来调节酒的生产，从而确保民食。Winehaspenetratedalmostallfieldsofsociallifeduringseveralthousandyearsofcivilization.Chinaisacountrydependingonagriculture,soagriculturaldevelopmentisthefootholdforallpoliticalandeconomicactivities.MostChinesewineisbrewedfromfoodstuffs.Winecloselydependsonagricultureandbecomesapartofagriculturaleconomics.Thegoodandpoorharvestoffoodstuffsproductionwasthebarometeroftheprosperityanddeclineofwineindustry.Therulersofeachdynasty,consideringtheharvestoffoodstuffs,regulatedthewineproductionbyprohibitionofwineproductionorprohibitionrescinding,soastoensurethefoodstuffprovisionforpeople中国古人将酒的作用归纳为三类：酒以治病，酒以养老，酒以成礼。中国人的好客，在酒席上发挥得淋沥尽致。人与人的感情交流往往在敬酒时得到升华。中国人敬酒时，往往都想对方多喝点酒，以表示自己尽到了主人之谊，客人喝得越多，主人就越高兴。TheChineseancientsreducedthefunctionsofwinetothreemaincategories:forcuringdiseases,forlongevityandforthepracticeofetiquette.TheChinese’shospitalityisfullyexpressedatfeasts.Peopleexchangetheirfeelingswhiletoasting.Whiledrinking,theChineselikeurgingotherstodrinkmoreinordertoexpressthehost’shonestyandfriendship.Themoretheguestdrinks,themorecheerfulthehostfeels.