流域水资源治理机制研究

重庆大学硕士学位论文流域水资源治理机制研究姓名：李涛申请学位级别：硕士专业：技术经济及管理指导教师：陈万志20060401I21IADIIIABSTRACTInthe21stcentury,Chinafaceswithseverewaterresourcescrisis.Thewaterresourcescrisisischaracteristicofscarcity,pollutionandinefficientuse.Thoughithasvariousgenesises,buttheessenceofwaterresourcescrisisisgovernancecrisis.Thecentralcontentsofthisdissertationincludetwoparts.Ontheonehand,theauthorbringforwardtheoreticframeworkofbasinwaterresourcesgovernance.Ontheotherhand,exerciseinstitutionalanalysisanddevelopment(IAD)frameworktoanalyzethecomparativeperformancesconcerningwaterresourcesgovernancestructure.Intheprocessofresearch,thisdissertationanalyzedtheattributesofwaterresourcesfirstly.Accordingtoaboveresearch,theevaluationcriteriaofwaterresourcemanagementinstitutionsareproposed.Secondly,basedonthegovernancetheory’sconclusions,fosterconceptualframeworkofwaterresourcesgovernance.Inthisfoundation,thisdissertationconductedanin-depthstudyongovernancestructureofwaterresourcesmanagementtoanalyzecomparativeperformancesofgovernment,marketandcommunityinwaterresourcesmanagementcomprehensively.Finally,positiveresearchaboutMurray-DarlingriverbasinmanagementandZero-flowintheYellowRiverareconducted.Onthebasisofabove,thisdissertationhasdrawnfollowingconclusion:Firstly,governmentmanagementhastheadvantageintotalquantitycontrolandequity,butdisadvantageinefficiencyandflexibility.Ifcontrolthetotalquantityofwaterusethroughthecentralplan,therewouldbemeetwithinformationproblemandhighimplementationcost.Consequently,areasonabletotalquantitystandardisnoteasytosetup,andthedifficultyofimplementationisalsohigh.Secondly,afterthedecisionsabouttotalquantitycontrolofwateruseandcontaminationdischargesaremadethroughsocialcontracts,ifmarketmechanismisintroducedinwaterresourcemanagement,itwouldbehelpfultoimprovetheefficiencyofwaterresourcemanagement.Nevertheless,bothwaterrightstransactionandpollutionrightstransactionarefacedwithhighleveltransactioncostsinreality.Thislimitsthemanagementeffectsofmarketmechanisminacertaindegree.Thirdly,communityparticipationdistinguisheswaterresourcesgovernancefromtraditionalwaterresourcemanagement.CommunitywidelyparticipatedinwaterresourcesManagementishelpfultoresolveinformationproblemandflexibilityproblem.IVFinally,waterresourceshavecomplexnaturalattributesandsocialattributes,thissethighrequesttowaterresourcesmanagement.Therefore,riverbasinmanagementrequestspolycentricandmulti-levelmanagementsysteminordertosustainableuseofwaterresources,.Keywords:WaterResourcesCrisis,WaterResourcesGovernance,GovernanceStructureBasinWaterResourcesManagement1111.11.1.1()“”“”6%22%2004200424130m32004131860m32030161760m31/41/51/12109[1]2040%50%90%200441241.8%30.3%27.9%12136.3%33.9%29.8%[2]GNP1/80.450.70.81997136m351030%40%,75%85%20%[3]2“”[4]1.1.2[4]1.21.2.1731993[5]2090·(2001)“”[6]OlliVarisPerttiVakkilainen(2001)21813[7](2003)[8](2002)[9](2004)——————,——,[10]“”“”“”[11]1.2.2“”“”“”(2001)[12](2001)[13]4(2000)“”[14](2004)[15](2002)[16](2003)[17](2004)[18][19](2004)()[20](2004)[10][21](2001)[22](2002)[23](2002)DavidPearce[24]TuserDinar(1995)[25]15[26]1854100100“”(2002)[27](2002)7[28]1.2.3“,”[29](IWRM)AdilAlRadif(1999)(IntegratedRiverBasinManagement)[30](IntegratedRiverBasinManagement)6(2004)[31][32]1996,:“,”(1997)(ManagementofSustainableWaterResourceSystem),[33],3(EnvironmentalIntegrity)(Economicefficiency)(Equity)“”[34]“”“”“”(2004)“,,,”“”,()()[35](2000)17,[36]1.2.4,(2003)[37],,,,,,,(2004),,,,,,,[38]1.31.3.1“”“”()8[39]“——”“”[40]1.3.2“”1.3.3191.41.4.1“”[41]1)1937(1997)[42](1999)[43](1994)[44](2000)[45]2)“”10()[45]3)“”“”“”[46](1989)(stateproperty)(privateproperty)(commonproperty)(non-propertyopenaccess)(1.1)[47](1993)[48]“”(1.2)(owner)(proprietor)(claimant)(authorizeduser)1111)“”[41](1985)[49]2)[42][49]“·”[50]3)[51][52]12[51][51]1.4.2IAD(InstitutionalAnalysisandDevelopment)·IADIADIADIAD()IAD(1.1)21322.17314×108km3“”1988—“”(2002)“”19971998[1](Resource)SomethingthatcanbeusedforsupportorhelpAnavailablesupplythatcanbedrawnonwhenneeded[53]“”14()2.22.2.1,“”[54]2156936.5%80.9%63.5%19.1%“,”[29]2.2.21)[55]“”2)163)()——()[18],2.2.31)(2.1)2002“”2172)200467248[56]0.50.70.818[57]2.32.3.1·(1995)[58]“”,[59][60][61]3(EnvironmentalIntegrity)(EconomicEfficiency)(Equity)[62]2192.3.2()(Wynne1992)[63],20,,,,,[33][53]2.3.3“”“”“”32133.1“”GarrettHardin(1968)“TheTragedyoftheCommons”[46]“”“”:“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”[64]“”“……”[65]CarruthersStoner(1981)22“”“”()“”[66][67]“”“”[68][69](selfgovernance)“”[67][67]2090——“”——3.22070“323”[70]1989“”(crisisingovernance)“”“()”[71]3.2.1(governance)(government)2090governance·(1999)(1)(2)(3)(4),(5)——(6)[72]1992[73]3.2.2[74]24“”,“”“”“”“”(meta-governance)“”(),3.2.3[74],,325[75]“”“”“”3.33.3.1“”3.3.2·[49]()()(selforganizingheterarchy)[69]263.3.312[67]————3.13273.4(3.2)42944.14.1.1“”30“”“”“”“”“”()4314.1.2(4.1)32()4.24.2.1(Tradablewaterrights)(WaterBank)(4.2)MR1617,295433,,8256.4154.128,14.1,26.424.16.41,(4.3)[76]()34——(WaterBank),,[77]1991“”8m31300ArchibaldRenwick(1998)[78]4354.2.2[79]36MeinzenDickMendoza(1996)[80]HongYangXiaoheZhangAlexanderJ.B.Zehnder(2003)437[81]4.2.3(Wat