Percy-Bysshe-Shelley雪莱

PercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)ShellyIntroductionShelly,oneoftheleadingRomanticpoets,anintenseandoriginallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage.EnglishromanticpoetwhorebelledagainstEnglishpoliticsandconservativevalues.HewasnotonlyaPlatonist,butalsoanidealist.Hisworkreflectedtheradicalideasandrevolutionaryoptimismoftheera.Outline1、Lifeexperience2、Pointsofview3、Featuresofhispoetry4、Majorworks5、Position6、Comments7、AnalysisofsomeofhisworksShelley’sEarlyLifeBornwealthily(1792)Eton(12yearsold)(MadShelly)Oxford(18yearsold)TheNecessityofAtheismExpelledfromtheuniversityanddisownedbyhisfatherShelley’sMarriageFirstWife(19yearsold)Secondwife(22yearsold)HarrietWestbrookHastyandunsuitableMaryGodwinHappyMarryShellyShelley’sLaterLifeFour-yeartroublesinItalyPoorhealthFinancialproblemsRestlessmovingDrownedin1822,buriedinRomePointsofViewAlifelongaversion(厌恶)tocruelty,injustice,authority,condemningtyrannyandexploitationandunjustwar,glorifiedfreedom,expressedhissympathyfortheoppressed.Tohimtheemancipation(解放）ofmankindcouldonlybewon“byresoluteperseveranceandindefatigable(有耐性的）hope,andlongsufferingandlong-believingcourage,andthesystematiceffortsofgenerationsofmenofintellectandvirtue.Hedidnotunderstandthenecessityofarmedstruggleforabettersociety.FeaturesofShelley’sPoetryRichinmyth,symbolsandclassicalallusions,shortpoemsonnatureandlove.Strongdramaticpowerasshownintherapidityofhislines;Styleaboundsinpersonificationandmetaphorandotherfiguresofspeech.HisLiteraryWorks“OdetotheWestWind”,“西风颂”writtenwheninItaly.ADefenceofPoetry,《诗辩》，writtenwheninItaly.OzymandiasASong:“MenofEngland”,TheCloud,ToASky-LarkHisPositioninEnglishHistoryOneoftheleadingromanticpoets,anintenseandoriginallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage.Asfarashislyricpoemsareconcerned,heisregardedasoneofthegreatestofallEnglishpoets.HewasthefirstpoetinEuropewhosangfortheworkingclass.CommentsWordsworthsaid,“Shellyisoneofthebestartistsofusall”.Byron,hisbestfriend,calledShelly“thebestandleastselfishmanIeverknew”.HeandByronarejustifiablyregardedastwogreatpoetsofrevolutionaryromanticisminEngland.Engelswrote:Shelly,thegenius,theprophet,ShellyandByron,withhisglowingsensualityandhisbittersatireuponourexistingsociety,findmostoftheirreadersintheproletariat(无产阶级）.OzymandiasShelleywrotethissonnetin1817,justaftertheannouncementofthediscoveryofalargefragmentofastatue.SosomepeoplebelievethatShelleyisinspiredbythis.Thesonnettriestoshowametaphorthatthecrackedstatuewasdesertedinthedesert,butstillwitharrogantappearance.SONGTOTHEMENOFENGLANDBackground:ThepoemwaswrittenbytheromanticpoetPercy.ByssheShelleyin1819.Thepoemisabouttheclashbetweentwoclassesofsociety,thepoorworkingclassandtherichnobles.Themajorthe-meofthispoemisexploitation,howtheworkersaredoingalltheyaredoingforthebenefitsoftheungratefulnobles.Thenarratorisurgingtheworkerstomakeastandastheyarebeingtreate-dunfairly.•三.•WhereforeBeesofEngland,forge•英格兰的工蜂，何以锻造—•Manyaweapon,chain,andscourge,•这么多的武器、鞭子、镣铐？••Thatthesestinglessdronesmayspoil•这些无刺的雄蜂会掠夺—•Theforcedproduceofyourtoil?•你迫于辛劳所得的成果？Inthethirdstanza,heusesirony,commentingonhowthe“stinglessdrones”areusingtheweaponsthattheworkersforge.Thefactthathesays“stingless”istellingtheworkersthatwithouttheirworkandservice,theywouldbeofnothreattothem.v（五）vTheseedyesow,anotherreaps；v你们播的种子，他人享受；vThewealthyefind,anotherkeeps；v你们找的财富，他人保留；vvTherobesyeweave,anotherwears；v你们织的衣锦，他人穿戴；vThearmsyeforge,anotherbears.v你们铸的兵器，他人佩带。thereisaslightchangeofton-e.Thisiswherethepoetistryingtomaketheworkersre-alizehowthelordsarebenefitingfromthem.Itiswritteninarepetitiveform“Theseedyesow,anotherreaps,Thewealthyefind,an-otherkeeps”.Theconstantrepetitionof“the”,“ye”,and“another”makesthewholestanzamoreexpressive,makingitstrongereachtime.VIEWPOINT1.SystemisunjustandEnglandistainedbytheinjustice.2.Workersaredehumanizedasmasterssucktheirlifeblood.3.Workersshouldrebelandworkonlyforthemselves.ToaSkylarkThepoemcanbetentativelydividedintothreeparts,eachhavingitsownemphasis.PartI.ThefirsttothesixthstanzaPartII.TheseventhtothetwelfthstanzaPartIII.ThethirteenthtothetwentyfirststanzaPartI.TheSkylark’s“profusestrainofunpremeditatedart”Theskylark’ssongwhichembodies“shrilldelight”and“sweetestsongs”arepoeticinspirationsof“unpremediatedart”.WhatShelleyseesinthesky-larkaretheinstincttocreateitsartthroughhappinessandjoy.ItsgiftofflightenablesittosoarnearesttoHeaven,whichformanyRomanticpoetsisthesourceofallspirituallyinspiredart.PartII.Ananaloguebetweentheunseenskylarkandtheinvisiblepoet(1)Shelleymomentarilyfindsananaloguebetweentheunseenskylarkandtheinvisiblepoetconcealedfromthepublicgazebytheobscurityofwhatheorshecontemplates.ThepoetandtheskylarkareunitedintheirpossessionofavoicethatcanhaveaneffectintheworldeveniftheirunsubstantialpresenceremainsundetectedPartII.Ananaloguebetweentheunseenskylarkandtheinvisiblepoet(2)Bothapoet’shymnsunbiddenandtheskylark’sprofusestrainsofunpremeditatedartaresobeautifulthattheworldwouldlistento,asthespeakerislisteningtotheskylark.OdetotheWestWindWrittenintheAutumn,1819,andpublishedinthefollowing