拉美国家的腐败问题与反腐败斗争评析

Vol128No16Dec120068200612Dec.2006286JournalofLatinAmericanStudiesVol.28No.6,2090,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2090,(),,,,,,,,:2006-09-15:,,1986,,(,100007),,2005,2005(,100024),,,,,,112005,,10(19902000),,,(19891999),9,5EdmundoJarquin,FernandoCarrollo-Flores,TheComp2lexityofAnticorruptionPoliciesinLatinAmerica,inJosephS1Tulchin,RalphH1Espach(ed),CombatingCorruptioninLatinAmeri2ca,WoodrowWilsonCenterPress,2000,p11931ReportonTransparencyInternationalGlobalCorruptionBarometer2005,p151://(5080),21,2006,,,,4031%45%(),,,,2001500,1600,,,(),2004,,70%;51%70%,11,2090,,,,,,,21,2001,7%,,5%26%1999,24%,,,2000,,,2002,,,GlobalCorruptionReport2006,pp126-29;CountryReports,p1111://://:TheChangingEfficacyofVoteBuyingandCoercioninMexi2canElectoralPolitics,inJorgeI1Domnguez,ChappellLawsoneds,MexicosPivotalDemocraticElection,PaloAlto,StanfordUniversityPress,Forthcoming1GlobalCorruptionReport2004:PoliticalCorruption,p1771GallupArgentinaInforme1:PoliticalCorruption,p1771ReportonTransparencyInternationalGlobalCorruptionBa2rometer2005,p191()11,,,(1),,,,,,,(2),,,,,,,,,,,,(3),,,,,,,,,,,21(1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,5,,,,,,,;,5,2001(NationalIntegritySystems:CountryStudayReprt),(FinalReportonImplementationintheReportofChileoftheConventionProvisionsSelectedforAnalysisWithintheFrameworkoftheFirstRound),(2),,1999,,,,,(),,3110,,,(),,,,,41,,,,1996,,()11,,,,,,,,,,,4,,,21,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,RobertodeMichele,TheRoleoftheAnti-CorruptionOfficeinArgentina:LessonsonCorruptionandAnti-Corruption:PoliciesandResults1:,,,,;,,,,,;,;,(),,10,,,,,90,,,,19952005,U,2090,,(),(),(),U,,,,,,,,8090,AmericasAccountabilityAnti-CorruptionProjectCasalsandAssociates,Inc&U1S1AgencyforInternationalDevelopment,Corrup2tioninLatinAmerica:ADeskAssessment1=961995,1996,,2005(30%41%),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,20056,,,,(),,,,,,,,1993,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:://inter1qianlong1com/4319/2005/07/01/2000@27016341htmVol128No16Dec1200614,(),,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,()11JosephS1Tulchin,RalphH1Espach(ed),CombatingCorruptioninLatinAmerica,WoodrowWilsonCenterPress,2000121Heidenheimer,ArnoldJ1,PoliticalCorruption:Read2ingsinComparativeAnalysis,ComparativePolitics,Jan11995131DanielLederman,NormanLoayza,RodrigoReisSoares,AccountabilityandCorruption:PoliticalInstitutionsMatter,WordBank,Dec12001141TransparencyInternational,GlobalCorruptionReport(1995-2006)1://:,,,199571::,,,199981[],:,,,2003AmericasAccountabilityAnti-CorruptionProjectCasalsandAssociates,Inc&U1S1AgencyforInternationalDevelopment,Corrup2tioninLatinAmerica:ADeskAssessment1=96(7),,,,,,()1.ElianaCardoso,AnnHelwege,LatinAmericaEconomy:Diversity,TrendsandConflicts,CambridgeMassachusetts,London,TheMITPress,199212.LouisEmmerij,EconomicandSocialDevelopmentintotheXXICentury,WashingtonD1C1,publishedbytheInter-AmericanDevelopmentBank,199713.:,,,20004.:21,,,20025.[],:,,,20006.[],:,,,20027.:,,,20018.:,,,20019.:,,,199810.:,,,199611.,::,,,199979JOURNALOFLATINAMERICANSTUDIES(BIMONTHLY)Vol128No16Dec12006AbstractsTransformationoftheLatinAmericanDevelopmentModelandDilemmaofDevelopment(pp13-7)SincegainingnationalindependenceLatinAmericancountrieshaveundergonethroughdifferentstagesofdevelopment,includingexportsofprimaryproducts,importsubstitutionindustrialization(ISI),debtcrisisandtheneo-liberaleconomicreforms.IntheISIperiodtheregionwitnessedrapideconomicgrowth.Thesubsequentdebtcrisisledtoasignificantshiftofthedevelopmentmodeltowardsoutwardorientation.Reformsinthe1990shaveresultedinrenewedeconomicgrowth.Facedwithglobalization,LatinAmericancountrieshavetore2adjusttheirdevelopmentmodelbyimprovingtheireconomicinstitutions.Buttheyarestillconfrontedwithmanysocioeconomicproblemsanddifficulties.TheLatinAmericanexperienceintransformingtheirdevelopmentmodelscanofferthefollowingconclusions:1)Functionsofthestateshouldbere2defined.2)Economicgrowthshouldbekeptinbalancewithsocialdevelopment.3)Therelationshipbetweent