情态动词中考

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情态动词的用法初三英语专项复习(1)John___cometoseeustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mayB.canC.hastoD.must(2)----MayItakethisbookout?---No,you___.A.can'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.aren't(3)You'dbetter___latenexttime.A.nottobeB.notbeC.won'tbeD.don'tbe(4)----He___beintheclassroom,Ithink.----No,he___beintheclassroom.Isawhimgohomeaminuteago.A.can;maynotB.must;maynotC.may;can'tD.may;mustn't(5)Hehadtogiveuptheplan,___he?A.didB.didn'tC.doesD.doesn't1、正确使用can,could,may,might,must,need,haveto,shall,should,will,would,oughtto,等。4、hadbetter的用法2、MustI和MayI的否定回答。3、表示肯定和否定的猜测。【重点归纳】情态动词本身具有一定的词义,表示某种感情和语气。例如:Youcan’tdoitlikethat.(表示责备)情态动词后加行为动词原形构成谓语。要掌握的情态动词有:can(could),may(might),must,should.can的用法1、表示“会,能够”。例如:HecanspeakEnglish.2、表示许可或请求,此时可等于may.例如:Youcanusethispen.CanIborrowyourbook?3、表示怀疑、不确定或猜想的情况,多用于疑问或否定句中。例如:Canitbetrue?Hecan’tbeatschool,becauseImethimjustnow.Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人。1、can=beableto但can只有两种时态,而beableto可用于多种时态。Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。注意:2、could不表示时态1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?---Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人。may的用法。1、表示许可或请求,其否定回答用can’t或mustn’t。例如:MayIgohomenow?Yes,youmay.No,youcan’t.2、表示可能性或猜测。例如:Youmayberight.3、当表示请求时,might比may语气更婉转。当表示猜测时,might比may更不确定。1、表示必须,一定要或禁止。例如:Youmustdoyourhomeworkrightnow.Youmustn’tsmokehere.must的用法。2、以must开头的疑问句,其否定回答要用needn’t.例如:MustIcleantheclassroomnow?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.3、must用于一般现在时和一般将来时,而其它形式用“haveto”来代替。如:Shehadtodosomecookingyesterdaybecauseherparentswereout.4、比较haveto和must两词都是'必须'的意思,haveto表示客观的需要,must表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)在否定结构中:don‘thaveto表示“不必”mustn’t表示“禁止”,Youdon‘thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告诉他。Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。need的用法。need既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,1)实义动词:need(需要,要求)need+n./todosth2)情态动词:need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为neednot。Needyougoyet?Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn't.3)need的被动含义:needdoing=needtobedone表示“应该”,有建议的意味,并不表示过去时态。例如:Everyoneshouldworkhardeveryday.Weshouldprotectourlivingenvironmentshould的用法。推测语气(1)对现在或将来情况推测:Idon'tknowwheresheis,shemaybeinWuhan.(2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在办公室工作呢。(3)否定和疑问分别用can’t和can。IfTomdidn'tleavehereuntilfiveo'clock,hecan'tbehomeyet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。Canhetellalie?Hecan’ttellalie.*Must-should/oughtto–may-might/could可能性依次减弱(4)oughttohavedonesth,shouldhavedonesth本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway.(事实上已扔了。)oughtto在语气上比should要强。Hemustbereading,isn’the?Youmustdoityourself,don’tyou?Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?(3)表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成固定搭配1、wouldratherdo2、wouldrathernotdo3、wouldrather…than…宁愿……而不愿。4、Wouldliketodo=wantto想要5、hadbetter表示“最好”hadbetter相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。hadbetterdosthhadbetternotdosthItisprettycold.You'dbetterputonmycoat.She'dbetternotplaywiththedog.【实例解析】南海执信中学初三英语备课组例1:--_____thenewsbetrue?—No,it_____betrue.A.Can,can’tB.May,can’tC.May,maynotD.Must,mustn’t•析:选A。因为前半句是疑问句,后半句为否定句,两空都不能使用may/might和must,应而用can和can’t。例2:--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou____.A.mightB.willC.canD.should析:选C。该句用can的委婉表达式could来征求对方意见,could和might通用,但回答时必须还成can或may,因此该题不选A.例3:____youmindmysmokinghere?A.ShouldBCouldC.MightD.Would析:选D。征求对方意见我是否在这儿吸烟,语气理应委婉,所以应选委婉的表达方式wouldyoumind…来征求对方意见。例4:--MustIstartatonce?—No,you____.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.won’t析:A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”,而mustn’t表示“不准、禁止”,不符合语境,显然应使用needn’t表示“不必”,但肯定句回答继续用must。例5:_____youpleasehelpmewithmyEnglish?A.WouldB.DoC.ShallD.Can析:A。次句表示请求对方意见,有“愿意”之意,而且又用于第二人称,应选用would。【中考演练】南海执信中学初三英语备课组(1)—MayIchangethefilmhere?—No,youdothatinthesunshine.A.needn’tB.don’thavetoC.can’tD.maynot*(2).Hecomeheretomorrow.A.neednotB.doesn’tneedC.needn’ttoD.don’tneed*(3)---Listen!Somebodyissinginginthenextroom.Who____itbe?IsitMeihua?---No.It______beher.Sheisatschoolnow.A.will,maynotB.must,mustn’tC.may,can’tD.may,won’t(4)Boys,you____besittinginthisroom.Itisforyourteachersonly.A.shouldn’tB.don’tC.won’tD.needn’t*(5)Peterhastoworktillmidnight,______?A.hasn’theB.doesn’tPeterC.hasn’tPeterD.doesn’the(6)It’sraininghardoutside,I______stayathome.A.mustB.havetoC.mayD.can*(7)Mywatchhasbeenbroken,it______.A.needsrepairingB.needsrepairedC.needsberepairedD.needstorepaired.*(8)Thepoormanneedsourhelp,___he?A.needB.needn'tC.doesD.doesn't(9)----___Itakethenewspaperaway?----No,youmustn't.You____readitonlyhere.A.Must;canB.May;canC.Need;mustD.Must;must(10)You___goandseeadoctoratoncebecauseyou‘vegotafever.A.canB.mustC.dareD.would

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