E神的雅思写作讲义-定语从句3

Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface.笑是太阳，它从人们的脸上赶走冬天。Don’ttrustthefirstsignthatyousee.不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。Allisnotgoldthatglitters.发光的未必都是金子。Nothingisimpossibletothemanwhohaswill.世上无难事，只怕有心人。Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助。作定语用的从句一般都是放在它所修饰的名词/代词(=先行词)之后。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词,常有3个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句。②代替先行词。(有格位的不同)③在从句中担当一个成分。如:主语、宾语、表语或定语eg.主句:Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.限定句:Theydonotstudyhard.先行词主格(主语)所有格受格(宾语)人whowhosewhom物whichwhich特定thatXthat关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词（或代词），一方面又在从句内担任一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语或定语。1.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。e.g.:MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdidt2.先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.3.先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。e.g.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake.4.thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。e.g.ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)5.Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。e.g.There’saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.6.句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。e.g.Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7.关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。e.g.Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.Tomisn’tthemanthatheusedtobe.8.先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。e.g.DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,可将介词往前移，形成“介词+关代”引导从句：此时,关系代词不可以用“that”,亦不可省略Theschoolisveryfamous.Heoncestudiedintheschool.Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Theschoolwhereheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TheladyismyEnglishteacher.Mr.Leeistalkingtoher.Thelady[(whom/who/that)Mr.Leeistalkingto]ismyEnglishteacher.Thelady[towhomMr.Leeistalking]ismyEnglishteacher.Describeatouristtrip.Youhavebeenonthetrip.Youparticularlyenjoyedthetrip.Describeatouristtrip(that)youhavebeenonwhichyouparticularlyenjoyed.Describeatouristtriponwhichyouhavebeen(which)youparticularlyenjoyed.1.当我们要指出的先行词为独一无二的人事物时，我们不需使用限定用法，只需要补充他的资讯，用双逗点插入在先行词之后即可，所以又叫做补述用法JayChouiscomingtoXiamentohavehisconcertnextweek.JayChouismyfavoritesinger.JayChou,whoismyfavoritesinger,iscomingtoXiamentohavehisconcertnextweek.限定用法:ThesingerwhoismyfavoriteiscomingtoXiamentohavehisconcertnextweek.CanItalktoMr.LiwhoisfromTaiwan?CanItalktoMr.LifromTaiwan?(介词短语)CanItalktoMr.LiwhocomesfromTaiwan?CanItalktoMr.LicomingfromTaiwan?分词做状语CanItalktoMr.LiwhowasinvitedbyPro.Zheng?CanItalktoMr.LiinvitedbyPro.Zheng?过去分词CanItalktoMr.LiwhoisvisitingXMU?CanItalktoMr.LivisitingXMU?現在分词1.那些[支持义务兵役制的]人持有以下理由。Thosepeoplewhosupportcompulsorymilitaryservicehavethefollowingreasons.2.日托中心是为了照料那些[父母白天上班的]小孩而建立的。Aday-carecenterisestablishedtotakecareofthechildrenwhoseparentsworkduringtheday.5.[尊重动物和抑止低级和残暴本能的]社会是个文明的社会。Asocietythatrespectsanimalsandrestrainsbaseandviolentinstinctsisamorecivilizedone.6.有些人强烈反对[动物权益保护者提出的]建议。Somepeoplearestronglyagainsttheproposalthatissetforthbyanimal-rightsactivists.3.[经历间隔年的]学生似乎更加自信、独立和见多识广。Thosestudentswhotakeagapyearseemstobemoreconfident,independentandworldlywise.4.众所周知，核技术是把双刃剑。Asisknowntoall,nucleartechnologyisadouble-edgedsword.7.均衡的食物摄入量、食物的多样性和积极的生活方式就是[使人不会肥胖的]要素。Balancedfoodintake，foodvarietyandactivelifestylearetheonlythingsthatwillpreventpeoplefromgettingoverweight.8.艺术资助所产生的作品[往往是沉闷的、缺乏想象力的、屈尊的和政治化的]。Artfundingproduceworksthataredreary,unimaginative,condescending,andpoliticized.9.那些[回家做全职太太的]妇女往往感到沮丧、孤独和失落。Thosewomenwhoretreattocompletedomesticitytendtofeeldepressed,isolatedandfrustrated.10.我们应该为祖先传下来的文化遗产感到骄傲，[他们反映了我们璀璨的历史和丰富的文化]。Weshouldtakeprideinourculturallegacy（whichis）handedfromourancestors,whichreflectsourbrillianthistoryandrichculture.11.[经常跳槽的]人被视为不稳定的和靠不住的。Peoplewhoskipfromjobtojobarelookedonasbeingunstableanduntrustworthy.12.香烟中含有大约4000种化学物质，[其中50种是已知的致癌物]。Cigarettesmokecontainsabout4000chemicals,about50ofwhichareknowncancer-causingagents.13.如饼图所示，煮饭的份额最大，[占48％]，而洗衣服的比例最小，为18％。Ascanbeseenfromthepiechart,cookinghasthelargestproportion,whichmakesup48%;whilecleaninghasthelowestpercentage,at18%.14.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some/any/none/all/both/neither/many/most/each/few等数词来修饰,用来指出先行词的一部分或全部eg.Heloveshisnewschoolmatesverymuch,all/mostofwhomareverykindtohim.=hisnewschoolmates=them1.代替先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。2.其含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用，例如：...(atime)when:Thereareoccasionswhen(=onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。...(aplace)where:Beijingistheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。...thereasonwhy:Isthisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？1.间隔年是指中学毕业生在上大学前去旅游、做义工和做临时工的一段时间。Agapyearisaperiodoftimewhenhighschoolgraduatescangotraveling,dosomevoluntaryworkortakeupapart-timejobbeforetheyfurthertheirstudyinuniversities.2.我盼望着有一天能去你们饭店美餐一顿。Ilookforwardtoadaywhenwecanenjoyadeliciousmealatyourrestaurant.3.动物园是个理想的研究中心，科学家们可以在动物身上做实验，找出一些疾病的成因并研制出新的疗法Thezooisanidealresearchcenterwherescientistscanconductexperimentsonanimalstodi