八年级阅读理解

阅读理解题型猜测词义题细节理解题主旨归纳题推理判断题阅读能力课标要求：能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。能找出文章的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。123阅读技巧快速阅读短文，通读测试题。认真逐题作答。仔细校对所选答案。提问方式：what,who,which,where,why,how等。对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。答案基本能在原文中找到，答题时需要注意关键词、句、段落。howwherewhat细节理解题whenwhowhy细节理解题原文Inthebook,asailornamedCaptainAhabspendsalotoftimetryingtofindandkillenormouswhitewhalenamedMobyDick.[范例](2014·青岛中考)【解析】选C。事实细节题。问题33.MobyDickis______.A.astorywrittenbyHemanMelvilleB.asailorC.thenameofawhitewhaleD.afamousdinosaur______________________主旨归纳题议论文和说明文的主题句经常在开头或结尾。记叙文往往没有主题句，需要在读懂全文、体会作者用意的基础上进行概括。主旨归纳题2012年青岛中考150.Themainideaofthisarticleisabout____.230.Whatisthestorymainlyabout?2013年青岛中考335.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.2014年青岛中考猜测词义题该题型考查通过上下文判断词义的能力。词义题的考查有两种:超纲词含义的推断和熟词生义的推断。根据转折、因果关系猜测词义通过同义词和反义词的关系及构词法通过定义或释义描述关系来推测词义根据上下文的意思来猜测原文：Samwasafifteen-year-oldboylivingwithhislittlesister,Julie.Theirparentspassedawaylongago.SamhadtakencareofJuliebyhimself…考题：28.“Theirparentspassedawaylongago”means“Theirparents____longago.”A.diedB.wentonC.lefthomeD.passedby根据上下文的意思来猜测答案一、根据上下文意思猜测词义猜测词义______________________________________________A二、通过定义或释义描述关系来推测词义对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。段落ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly，itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.分析从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。猜测词义_____________________________三、通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词同义法如在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的。反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。猜测词义段落Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.分析根据notatall...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。猜测词义___________________developdevelopment，statestatement，argueargumenthappyunhappy，fairunfair，importantunimportantvisitvisitor，workworker，waitwaiter前缀un-表反义词后缀-ment表名词后缀-er、-or表名词四、通过构词法猜词猜测词义考查通过文章表层信息推测其隐含信息的能力,要求学生揣摩作者的意图。虽然不能在原文中找答案,但有间接的暗示和线索。推理判断题推理判断题[范例]Anewsstoryisnotonlycorrect,butalsorelevanttoitsreaders.Peoplearemostlyinterestedinnewsthathappensneartothem.ThatiswhyyoucaremoreaboutwhathappensatyourschoolthanthatatAmericanschools.ItisalsowhynewspapersinBeijingdon’ttalkaboutmuchnewsinShanghaiorHongKong.[问题]Accordingtothewriter,newspaperinQingdaoshouldtalkaboutmuchnewsin.A.QingdaoB.HongKongC.ShanghaiD.BeijingA【解析】推理判断题。文章介绍好的新闻稿件应该与读者生活密切相关,故青岛人关心更多的应该是青岛的事。故选A。数字推算题[范例]TherearealsosometraditionalfestivalsaboutdragonsinChina.SuchasDragonHead-RaisingDayandDragonBoatFestival.Wehavedifferentkindsofactivitiestocelebratethem.Thesetwofestivalscomeeveryyear,buttheYearoftheDragoncomeseverytwelveyears.Thisyear(2012)istheYearoftheDragon.Goodlucktoyou![问题]WhichofthefollowingyearsistheYearoftheDragon?A.1988B.1998C.2008D.2018【解析】数字推算题。根据文章可知2012年是龙年。12年是一个轮回,可计算出1988年是龙年。NotonlyapopularsingerwasYaoBeina,butalsoshewasanenergeticandwarm-heartedangel.Shehadhercorneasdonatedtotwomenwhoneededthem,whichhelpedthemseetheworldclearlyagain.YaowasborninamusicfamilyonSept.26,1981inWuhan.Shestartedtolearnthepianoattheageof4,andshesangherfirstsongonthestagewhenshewas9yearsold.Yaodidquitewellinsinging,soshetookpartinthethirteenthYouthSingingCompetitionandwonthefirstprize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展1Shebecamewell-knowntothepublicaftermakingaseriesofsongsforthehitTVdrama“TheLegendofZhenhuan”in2012,andthemandarinversion(中文版本)of“LetItGo”fromDisney’s“Frozen”.InJuly2013,shecompetedinTheVoiceofChinaIIandfinallygotthesecondplaceinNaYing’steam.Shehadwonalotofmusicawardsbeforeshewasfamous.YaoBeinawasunfortunatetobediagnosed（诊断）withbreastcancer(乳腺癌)andhadasuccessfuloperationin2011.Sincethen,shehasfoughtagainstthediseaseforaboutfouryearswhilekeepingsinging,butsadlyshefailed.Sheoriginallythoughtofdonatingallofherorgans(器官)tosaveothers’lives,butfailedtodoitbecauseofherseriousillness.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展She’sgone,eventhoughshehadneverstoppedstrugglingwithcancer.Heavenjustgotanotherbeautifulangel,withherbeautifulvoiceandkindness.（）1.Theword“corneas”inthepassageprobablymeans____.A.眼角膜B.器官C.心脏D.肾脏（）2.Yaowasbornina__________familyonSept.26,1981inWuhan.A.doctorB.farmerC.musicD.worker（）3.HowoldwasYaoBeinawhensheshecompetedinTheVoiceofChinaIIandfinallygotthesecondplaceinNaYing’steam.A.23.B.22.C.32.D.33.（）4.WhichisTRUEaboutYaoBeinaaccordingtothepassage?A.Shestartedtoplaythepianoattheageof5.B.Shehadgreatvoiceandwonalotofawardsinmusic.C.Shewasaweakandselfishgirl.D.Shewonoverthebreastcancerintheend.（）5.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.YaoBeina’sfamily.B.YaoBeina’sdisease.C.YaoBeina’steacher.D.YaoBeina’sartachievements.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展ACCDB【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了姚贝娜的生平。姚贝娜出生于音乐世家，四岁学钢琴，九岁上台表演，荣获过许多音乐奖项。2012年为《甄嬛传》、《冰雪奇缘》等影视剧唱主题曲；2013年在“中国好声音”第二季中获亚军。不幸的是，她得了乳腺癌，于2015年1月16日辞世。姚贝娜生前曾打算捐赠全身器官，由于病情恶化，全身器官感染，最后眼角膜捐给了两名眼疾患者。网友和粉丝称她为“有美丽歌喉的善良天使”。NotonlyapopularsingerwasYaoBeina,butalsoshewasanenergeticandwarm-heartedangel.Shehadhercorneasdonatedtotwomenwhoneededthem,whichhelpedthemseetheworldclearlyagain.YaowasborninamusicfamilyonSept.26,1981inWuhan.Shestartedtolearnthepianoattheageof4,andshesangherfirstsongonthestagewhenshewas9yearsold.Yaod