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I经济型数控机床主轴系统设计摘要数控机床的主轴控制系统，它是利用数字化的信息对机床运动及工作过程进行控制的一种方法。课题采用PLC来控制这些器件，实现工业控制。以可编程控制器（简称PLC)作为控元件，替代机床继电器连接触器组成的电气控制部分，是为了提高机床电气控制系统的可靠性，这种方法主用于组合机床及生产线上的专用机床用数控技术实施加工控制的机床，或者说装备了数控系统的机床称为数控（NC）机床。要实现对机床的控制，需要用几何信息描述刀具和工件间的相对涌动以及用工艺信息来描述机床加工必须具备的一些工艺。数控机床的技术水平高低及其在金属切削加工机床产量和总拥有量的百分比，是衡量一个国家国民环境发展和工业制造整体水平的重要标志之一。数控车床是数控机床的主要品种之一，它在数控机床种占有非常重要的位置，几十年以来之一受到各国的普遍重视，并得到了迅速的发展。主轴是车床构成中一个重要的部分，对于提高加工效率，扩大加工环境范围，提升加工质量都有着很重要的作用。环境型数控车床大多数是不能自动变速的。目前，无级变速系统主要有变频主轴系统和伺服主轴系统两种，一般采用直流或交流主轴电机。通过传动带动主轴旋转，或通过带传动和主轴箱内的减速齿轮（已获得更大的转矩）带动主轴旋转。由于主轴电机调速范围广，又可无极调速，使得主轴箱的结构大为简化。目前对客户来说由于变频器的高性价比，所以变频器在车床上使用非常普遍。在数控机床的应用上迅速崛起，成为目前市场上一支强大的生力军。关键字：主轴控制,数控系统,变频器,步进电机IIEconomicnumericalcontrolmachinetoolspindlesystemdesignABSTRACTNumericalcontrolmachinetoolspindlecontrolsystem,itistheuseofdigitalinformationofmachinetoolmovementandtheworkingprocessofakindofmethodtocontrol.SubjectadoptsPLCtocontrolthesedevices,realizeindustrialcontrol.Withprogrammablecontroller(hereinafterreferredtoasPLC)asacontrolcomponents,replaceevencontactorrelaysmachineofelectricalcontrolsection,isinordertoimprovethereliabilityofthemachinetoolelectriccontrolsystem,themethodusedforthecombinationmachinetoolsandproductionlineofthespecialmachinetoolwithnumericalcontroltechnologyimplementationofmachiningcontrolmachinetools,ortheequipmentofthenumericalcontrolsystemmachinetoolcallednumericalcontrol(NC)machinetools.Torealizethecontrolofncmachinetools,needtousetodescribetoolandworkpiecegeometryinformationbetweenthesurgeofrelativebyprocessinformationandtodescribethemachinetoolmusthavesomeoftheprocess.Numericalcontrolmachinetooltechnologylevelandinthemetalcuttingmachinetoolsandthepercentageofthetotalyieldofownership,isthemeasureofacountry'snationalenvironmentaldevelopmentandindustrialmanufacturingleveloneoftheimportantmarks.Numericalcontrollatheisoneofthemaintypesofthenumericalcontrolmachinetool,itinthenumericalcontrolmachineoccupiesveryimportantpositionof,fordecadesofattentiontobymanycountries,andobtainedarapiddevelopment.Lathespindleisaoneoftheimportantpart,toimprovemanufacturingefficiency,expandthescopeofprocessingenvironment,improvetheprocessingqualityhasaveryimportantrole.Environmentalnumericalcontrolledlatheisnotthemostautomatictransmission.Atpresent,CVTsystemmainlyfrequencyconversionspindlesystemandservospindlesystemtwo,generallyUSESthedcoracspindlemotor.Throughthetransmissiondrivethespindle,orthroughthebelttransmissionandspindleboxofthereductiongear(alreadygetmoretorque)driveshaftrotation.Duetothespindlemotorspeedrange,andsteplessspeedadjustment,themainstructureofcar-bodygreatlysimplified.Nowasforclientsbecauseofthefrequencyconvertercost-effective,soinverterinthelatheareverycommon.Inthenumericalcontrolmachineontheapplicationofrapidrise,beonthemarketatpresentastrongforce.Keyword:spindlecontrol,thenumericalcontrolsystem,inverter,stepmotorIII目录摘要....................................................................IAbstract................................................................II1总体方案...............................................................11.1CJK6140的现状和发展..............................................11.1.1性能方面的发展趋势..........................................11.1.2功能方面的发展趋势...........................................11.1.3体系结构的的发展趋势........................................11.2CJK6140数控车床的总体方案论述....................................21.2.1数控车床....................................................21.2.2CJK6140数控车床方案拟定.....................................22变频器的选择...........................................................42.1变频器调速基本原理................................................43传动设计...............................................................63.1转速图拟定........................................................63.1.1主电机的确定................................................63.1.2轴的转速....................................................73.1.3齿轮传动比的限制............................................73.1.4带轮直径和齿数的确定........................................73.2传动件的估算和验算：..............................................83.2.1三角带传动的计算.............................................83.2.2传动轴的估算和验算...........................................83.2.3齿轮模数的估算和计算........................................113．2．4展开图设计................................................154数控系统的设计........................................................264.1控制系统的设计基本要求...........................................274.2控制系统硬件设计.................................................274.2.1数控系统的硬件基本组成......................................274.2.2微机类型的选择..............................................284.2.3AT89C51主要内部结构.......................................294.2.4AT89C51外部引脚功能说明...................................294.3系统的扩展.......................................................304.4系统键盘和显示器接口设计.........................................30IV4.4.1矩阵式键盘接口设计.........................................304.4.2显示器的接口电路设计.......................................31致谢...................................................................31参考文献................