生态危机治理的现实情境_一个跨行政区案例

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20107197、,、,,。、、、,,,。,。,,,。,。*TheRealityofEcologicalCrisisGovernance:anInter-administrativeCase-,,。。,。,、。311121WuXingzhiAbstract:Forthesocial-ecologicalsystemsisfullofuncertaintyandcomplexity,theecologicalcrisisgovernance,justasthetheoreticalandempiricalfactsalwayshaveproved,suffersmuchdifficulties.Institutionalenvironmentplaysanimportantroleinthedefinitionanddistributionofbenefitwhichisbroughtaboutineco-governanceprocess.Thecollaboratedcapaci-tytoresistecologicalcrisis,thestudyonthegovernanceofthepollutionofcyanophytesinTaihuLakehasshown,oftenislargelyaffectedbyconflictandcooperationamongnaturalresourceusers.WithregardtotheconstructionofcooperatedgovernancemodelofecologicalcrisisinChina,watershedmanagementdepartmentshouldbethecorecomponentandthreekindsofmechanisms,whicharedominant-cooperationauthorizedbythecentralgovernment,reciprocal-cooperationbetweennaturalresourceusersandgovernmentsandnegative-incentivemechanisminvolvedbymulti-actors,aremainlyincluded.Keywords:ecologicalcrisis,conflict,cooperation,cyanophytesinTaihuLake*《》,《———》。REGIONALECONOMY9220107197,,,,、。,:,,?、:,。(),,。(、),、,,。,。:“。,”[1]。,1968《》。,“”,,。“”。,,,。(),。:,。,,。,,、。:“,,。”[2],“”,,,“”:,。。(),,,。,,。,。“”,“”“”,,。,。,、。,[3]。,。,,,。,,。,,[4]。,、,。,,、、,,REGIONALECONOMY9320107197,。、:,,(,2009)。,,。(),,2000,48,72。、、,,,、、。、、、,,52.6%、32.8%、14%、0.6%。,、、、4,、、3,30()。():,,,。《》,2008IV,7.4%,、V,27.2%,V,1528.8,65.4%。、、、。“”,,2001,,(1)。,。2010《》,92.6%,,。,,,。():,、。,,,“”,,“”()。,。,()(MC),50%MC,、,。,、,。2007529,,。,。、,。531,。,。530,,“”170240,,。,。,,。53161,15,。200170%24%33%11%26%200270%30%25%30%15%200385%15%10%30%45%200495%5%28%0%67%200581%19%24%5%52%200695%5%31.9%4.5%59.1%200794.4%2.8%41.7%8.3%44.4%200874.3%22.9%14.3%22.9%37.1%200968.6%31.4%25.7%14.3%28.6%201074.3%22.9%22.9%20%31.4%1:《》,200144,200256,200368,200480,200592,2006104,2007116,2008128,2009140,2010152。REGIONALECONOMY9420107197,530、,。64,,。、:,,。,,。,?(),,,,,。:,。,、。,,[5]。,,。,,。“”,。,,,。,,,,。,172,,。,,,,。、、,、、,,。,,、、、、,。。,“”,,,。,,、、[6]。,,,、,。,。《》,,,,,、、。,“”,,“”。,,。,,,。,,。、REGIONALECONOMY9520107197;。。,,,。,,。,,,。。(),,。,、、。,,。,,,。,,。,“”。,,,、。,、。,,“”。,,1984。,,,,、、、。,,、、,。,[7]。-,。,,。,、,。,,,。。,,,,。,,,,。,,,,,。,()。:,。、:,REGIONALECONOMY9620107197,,,,?。,,-。,,,。,。“,,,”[8]。,,:,。,;。i,:,B(betrayed):;C(cost):B;S(safe):;E(encouragement):;P(punishment):。,f(i),。f(i),。:(E+P),②⑤;(B-C),①;S,③④。,,,。20088,《》。,,,。,,。,,,、、GDP,。·,“,:”[9]。、,,“”、“”“”。,,,,(,)。,,。,,,。REGIONALECONOMY9720107197。,。,。,。、,。,。,,。:“,……,———‘’”[10]。,,-,,,。,。,,,。,。,“”,,“”“”。,,、。[1]:《》,,2000,5[2]·:《》,,1995,2[3]·:《》,,2007,126[4]·:《:》,,2008,15[5]VictorGalaz:Social-ecologicalResilienceandSocialConflict:InstitutionsandStrategicAdaptationinSwedishWaterManagement.AcademicResearchLi-brary,Ambio;Nov2005,Vol,34.pp567~568.[6]:《》,《()》20075,26~34[7]:《“”》,《》20071,24[8]·:《:》,,2008,49[9]·:《》,,2000,65[10]OphulsW.Leviathan:InTowardaSteadyStateE-conomy.ed.H.EDaly.SanFrancisco:Freeman,1973,pp215.REGIONALECONOMYReform98

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