初中英语 定语从句 讲义ppt

定语从句在复合句中，修饰其名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般直接跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，引导定从的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，在初中，我们主要学习限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与主句的关系十分密切，如果去掉，意思就不够完整，别人就会产生歧义，所以在使用定从时，一般不用逗号把主句和从句分开。作宾语的关系代词可以省略。关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose的用法：1.that：在定从中既可指人也可指物，既可作主语，又可作宾语，例如：Ilikemusicthatisquietandgentle.（指物，作主语）Who’sthemanthatisreadingoverthere?（指人，作主语）Haveyoureturnedthebook(that)youborrowedlastweek?（指物，作宾语，可省略）Thegirl(that)yousawjustnowismycousin.（指人，作宾语，可省略）2.which：在定从中只指物，作主语或宾语。例如：Thebookwhichisonthedeskismine.（指物，作主语）Thenewswhichhetoldmeisreallyexciting.（指物，作宾语，可省略）1.Doyouknowtheboy______________isstandingthere?2.Thepen_______________isonthedeskismine.3.who：在定从中只指人，作主语，也可以代替whom作宾语。例如：Doyouknowthescientistwhogaveusatalkyesterday?(指人，作主语，可用that代替)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledJim.(指人，作主语，可用that代替)Thisistheman(who)theyweretalkingaboutjustnow.（指人，作宾语，可用whom或that代替，也可省略）Youcan’twakeapersonwhoispretendingtobeasleep.4.whom：在定语从句中只指人，作宾语，可用who或that代替，但介词提前，不可省略。例如：Doyouknowtheman(whom/who/that)theteacheristalkingto?=Doyouknowthemantowhomtheteacheristalking?Sheistheperson(whom/who/that)youshouldturntoforhelp.=Sheisthepersontowhomyoushouldturnforhelp.1.Theman_______________theheadteacheristalkingtoisnewhere.2.Theman_____________________theheadteacheristalkingisnewhere.5.whose：在定语从句中作定语既可指人，也可指物。例如：Thisisthegirlwhosepronunciationisthebestinourclass.Theoldmanlivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.注：在指人作主语时，既可用who也可用that，不可省略，在指人作宾语时，既可用whom,who也可用that，可以省略，但介词提前，关系代词作介词的宾语时，只用whom,不可省略。在指物时，无论作主语或宾语，that,which均可作，只有作宾语时才可省略。在下列几种特殊情况下，关系代词只用that，而不用which，例如：A:先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.（作宾语可省略）Thisisthemostbeautifulparkthatwehavevisited.（作宾语可省略）B:先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰时ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.(作宾语，可省略)Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastowaitpatiently.(作宾语，可省略)C:先行词被序数词修饰时Thefirstthingthatwedointhemorningistocleantheclassroom.(作宾语，可省略)Thisisthethirdlargestcitythatwasfoundedinthe1980s.(作主语)D:先行词是不定代词时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?(作宾语，可省略)Hedidallthathecouldtohelpme.(作宾语，可省略)E:先行词是两个或多个分别表示人或物的名词时Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersonsthatwehadneverheardhere.(作宾语，可省略)F:主句是以who,which,引导的特殊疑问句时Whoisthemanthatwaswaitingforyou?(作主语，不可省略)Whichisthetreethatyouplantedthreeyearsago?(作宾语，可省略)G:先行词是主句的表语和关系代词在从句中作表语时Heisnottheboythatheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.关系副词when,where,why的用法：1.when：在定语从句中指时间，作时间状语。例如：Doyoustillremembertheday?Youstartedhighschoolontheday.＝Doyoustillrememberthedaythat/whichyoustartedhighschoolon?（that，which关系代词在从句中作宾语可省略）＝Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichyoustartedhighschool?(which作介词on的宾语)＝Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenyoustartedhighschool?(when相当于onwhich“在那一天”)I’llneverforgetthedays.Weusedtostudytogetherinthedays.=I’llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichweusedtostudytogetherin.(作宾语可省略)=I’llneverforgetthedaysinwhichweusedtostudytogether.(作介词in的宾语不可省)=I’llneverforgetthedayswhenweusedtostudytogether.(when等于inwhich“在那些日子”)注：when为关系副词，在从句中相当于“介词＋关系代词whichI’llneverforgetthedays________________wespenttogether.I’llneverforgetthedays________________westudied/workedtogether.2.where：在定语从句中指地点，作地点状语。例如：A.Thisisthehouse.Theoldmanusedtoliveinthehouse.=Thisisthehousewhich/thattheoldmanusedtolivein.(作宾语，可省略)=Thisisthehouseinwhichtheoldmanusedtolive.(作介词in的宾语，不可省略)=Thisisthehousewheretheoldmanlive.(where=inwhich“在哪里”)B.Ioftengototheparks.Therearemanybeautifulflowersintheparks.=Ioftengototheparkswhich/thattherearemanybeautifulflowersin.(作宾语，可省略)=Ioftengototheparksinwhichtherearemanybeautifulflowers.(作介词的宾语，不可省)=Ioftengototheparkswheretherearemanybeautifulflowers.(where=inwhich)注：where为关系副词，在从句中相当于“介词＋关系代词which。1.Thisisthehouse_____________theoldmanusedtolivein.2.Thisisthehouse_____________theoldmanusedtolive.3.Myauntworksinaschool___________hasover2000students.4.Myauntworksinaschool___________thereareover2000students.3.why：在定从中指原因，作原因状语，例如：Doyouknowthereason?Hedidn’tcometoschoolforthatreason.=Doyouknowthereasonwhich/thathedidn’tcometoschoolfor.（作宾语，可省略）=Doyouknowthereasonforwhichhedidn’tcometoschool.（作介词的宾语，不可省）=Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschool.(why=forwhich“因为那个原因”)注：why为关系副词，在从句中相当于“介词for＋关系代词which。