Guide to PAS2050 英文版PAS2050使用指南

GuidetoPAS2050HowtoassessthecarbonfootprintofgoodsandservicesGuidetoPAS2050HowtoassessthecarbonfootprintofgoodsandservicesAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementisgiventothefollowingorganizationswhoassistedinthedevelopmentofthisguide.CarbonTrustDefraBSIBritishStandardsPEInternationalFoodandDrinkFederationManchesterBusinessSchoolEuGeosLtdADASUKLtdFirstpublishedintheUKin2008byBSI389ChiswickHighRoadLondonW44AL©Crown2008andCarbonTrust2008Youmayre-usethispublication(notincludinganydepartmentaloragencylogos)freeofchargeinanyformatforresearch,privatestudyorinternalcirculationwithinanorganisation.Youmustre-useitaccuratelyandnotuseitinamisleadingcontext.ThematerialmustbeacknowledgedasCrowncopyrightandascopyrightmaterialoftheCarbonTrust,andyoumustgivethetitleofthesourcepublication.Wherewehaveidentifiedanythirdpartycopyrightmaterialyouwillneedtoobtainpermissionfromthecopyrightholdersconcerned.ForanyotheruseofthismaterialpleaseapplyforaClick-UsePSILicenceorbywritingto:OfficeofPublicSectorInformationInformationPolicyTeamKewRichmondSurreyTW94DUe-mail:[e-mail],BrightonandRochester,UK.PrintedinGreatBritainbyTheCharlesworthGroup,Wakefield,WestYorkshire,UKBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryISBN978-0-580-64636-2Introduction.........................................................................1SectionI:Start-up...................................................................5Settingobjectives...............................................................5Choosingproducts.............................................................6Engagingsuppliers.............................................................7SectionII:Calculatingproductcarbonfootprints......................................9Step1:Buildingaprocessmap...............................................10Step2:Checkingboundariesandprioritisation................................12Step3:Collectingdata........................................................15Step4:Calculatingthefootprint...............................................20Step5:Checkinguncertainty(optional)........................................34SectionIII:Nextsteps..............................................................37Validatingresults..............................................................37Reducingemissions...........................................................37Communicatingthefootprintandclaimingreductions...........................39AppendixI:PAS2050applicationacrossdifferentproducttypes....................41AppendixII:Servicesexamples.....................................................43AppendixIII:Productcarbonfootprintingcalculation–workedexample.............47AppendixIV:Uncertaintyanalysis..................................................55Glossary...........................................................................57ContentsClimatechangeandproductcarbonfootprints‘Carbonfootprint’isatermusedtodescribetheamountofgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionscausedbyaparticularactivityorentity,andthusawayfororganisationsandindividualstoassesstheircontributiontoclimatechange.Understandingtheseemissions,andwheretheycomefrom,isnecessaryinordertoreducethem.Inthepast,companieswantingtomeasuretheircarbonfootprintshavefocusedontheirownemissions,butnowtheyareincreasinglyconcernedwithemissionsacrosstheirentiresupplychain.SupplychainGHGemissions,whichincludethoseassociatedwithprocessesnotcontrolledbythecompanyitself,canbemeasuredateitherthecompanylevelorthelevelofanindividualproduct.Therearebenefitstobothcompany-andproduct-levelsupplychainemissionsassessment;however,PAS2050andthisguidefocusonproduct-levelemissionsonly.GuidetoPAS20501Measuringthecarbonfootprintofproductsacrosstheirfulllifecycleisapowerfulwayforcompaniestocollecttheinformationtheyneedto:�ReduceGHGemissions�Identifycostsavingsopportunities�Incorporateemissionsimpactintodecisionmakingonsuppliers,materials,productdesign,manufacturingprocesses,etc.�Demonstrateenvironmental/corporateresponsibilityleadership�Meetcustomerdemandsforinformationonproductcarbonfootprints�Differentiateandmeetdemandsfrom‘green’consumersThisguideuses‘product’torefertobothphysicalproducts(i.e.goods)andserviceproducts(i.e.services)throughout;anydifferencesrelatedtoservicesarehighlightedinthetext.AppendixIIdescribestwoexamplesofservicecarbonfootprintassessments.IntroductionThisguideexplainshowtoassessGHGemissionsofanindividualproduct,eitheragoodoraservice,acrossitsentirelifecycle–fromrawmaterialsthroughallstagesofproduction(orserviceprovision),distribution,useanddisposal/recycling–inaccordancewiththemethodspecifiedintheBSIPubliclyAvailableSpecification2050:2008,or‘PAS2050’.PAS2050backgroundPAS2050isapubliclyavailablespecificationforassessingproductlifecycleGHGemissions,preparedbyBSIBritishStandardsandco-sponsoredbytheCarbonTrustandtheDepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairs(Defra).PAS2050isanindependentstandard,developedwithsignificantinputfrominternationalstakeholdersandexperts