最新外研版九年级英语定语从句的用法

语法复习课件---定语从句英语中，在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接定语从句和先行词的连词叫引导词（也叫关联词），通常放在定语从句之前。引导定语从句的引导词可以是关系代词（如that,which,who,whom,whose等）或关系副词（如when,where,why等）。定语从句的基本结构是：先行词+引导词+定语从句。合并句子•1.Maryisagirl.•Maryhaslonghair.•Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.•2.Thewomanisinred.•Thewomanismymother.•Thewomanwhoisinredismymother.•3.Themanisafarmer.•Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.•Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisafarmer.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when定语从句的用法:当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语Whom作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.•修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分•使用that的情况：•1、当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。•eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?•2、当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。•eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.•3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。•eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.•ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.•4、当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。•eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.•5、当先行词又有人又有物时。•eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.•只能使用which的情况。•1、非限制性定语从句中。•eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.•2、在介词之后。•eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.•3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。•eg.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.•修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。•当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。•eg.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?•在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom。•eg.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.•Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.•关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。•eg.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishsoundsverybeautiful.•Maryhasaverygooddog,whosehairturnsoutwhiteandblack.•Exercises:•Fillintheblankswithappropriaterelativepronounsandadverbs.•1.Isthistheroom____youcleanedlasttime?•2.Isthistheroom____welivedbefore?•3.Thisisthegarden____theystayedforanight.•4.Thisisthegarden____theyvisitedlasttime.•5.Tomhasforgottentheday____helefthishome.•6.Tomhasforgottentheday____Itoldhimlastday.•7.Shestillrememberstheyear____shefoundherfirstjob.•8.Shestillrememberstheyear____shespentinJining.thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthat一、判断定语从句引导词的一般规律：1、关系代词1）that既可用来指代人也可用来指代事物，在从句中充当主语或宾语。例如：Who’stheboythatisreadingabook?正在看书的这个男孩是谁？（指人，作主语）Themanthatyoutalkedtoismyuncle.和你说话的那个人是我叔叔。（指人，作宾语）ThetrainthathasjustleftisforShanghai.刚发车的这趟列车是去上海的。（指物，作主语）Canyoushowmethephoto（that）youlikebest?你能把你最喜欢的这张照片给我看看吗？（指物，作宾语）2）whose既可用来指代人也可用来指代事物，在从句中充当定语。例如：Thisisthegirlwhosemathbookislost.这就是丢了数学书的女孩。（指人，作定语）Thehousewhosewindowsareclosedismine.窗户都关着的这栋房子就是我家。（指物，作定语）3）which用来指代事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Lookatthekiteswhichareflyinginthesky.瞧瞧那些在空中飞舞的风筝。（指物，作主语）Thepen（which）I’musingisprettygood.我正在用的这支笔相当好。（指物，作宾语）4）who用来指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Couldyourecognizethethiefwhostoleyourthings?你能认出偷了你的东西的那个小偷吗？（作主语）Theman（who）youwanttomeethascome.你要见的人来了。（作宾语）2、关系副词1）when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：Couldyoustillrememberthetimewhenthetrainleft?你还记得列车发车的时间吗？I’llneverforgetthedatewhenIjoinedtheLeague.我绝不会忘记我入团的日期。2）where表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。例如：Isthistheshoefactorywhereyourfatherworks?这是你父亲工作的鞋厂吗？Pleaseshowmetheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.请带我到事故发生的现场去。3）why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason一词。例如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouwon’tcome.请告诉我你不能来的原因。1、who，whom，that，which在从句中作宾语时，往往被省略，尤其是在口语和非正式文体中。2、关系代词who，whom，that，which在从句中作介词宾语时，不可省。3、关系代词who，that，which在从句中作主语时，不可省。4、关系代词whose在任何情况下都不能省略。二、关系代词可不可省略的问题三、只能用that作引导词的定语从句1、先行词指物时，只能用that作引导词的定语从句：2）先行词前有all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时。例如：Thereislittleworkthatisfitforyou.没什么工作适合你做。Ihaveeatenallthefoodthatisleft.我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。1）先行词是指物的all,little,few,much,any,anything,something，everything,nothing,none,theone时。例如：AllthatIcandohasbeendone.我能做的都已经做了。Hewon’ttellyouanythingthathehasheardaboutit.他不会告诉你他所听到的有关它的任何情况。3）先行词时what或which时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。例如：Whichisthehousethatcaughtfireyesterday?昨天失火的是那座房子？4）先行词是therebe句型中的主语，且指物时。例如：Therearesomeapplesonthetablethatareniceandsweet.桌子上有些非常甜的苹果。5）先行词作主句的表语时。例如：It’sabookthatwillhelpyoualot.这是一本对你有很大帮