名词性从句一、名词性从句的连接词1.连接词that,whether和if(1)whether与if的用法比较二者均可作“是否”讲,都可以引导名词性从句,引导宾语从句时可以互换。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhe’llattendthemeeting.在下列情况下,常用whether,不用if。①whether引导从句可以放于句首。Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifference.②whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句,if不可。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.Thequestionwhetherheshouldjointheteamhasnotbeendecidedupon.③whether可以作介词宾语,if则不可。Ihaven’tsettledtheproblemofwhetherI’lllendhimthemoney.④whether后可以加不定式,if不可。Hedidn’tknowwhethertogetmarriedortowait.⑤可以用whether...or引导让步状语从句,意为“无论,不论”,if则不可。Whetheritrainsorsnows,Idon’tcare.2.连接代词引导名词性从句的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用,同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。3.连接副词引导名词性从句的连接副词有:when,where,how,why。连接副词在句中既是连接词,又作状语。二、主语从句1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省;what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语;whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。Thatshewillsucceediscertain.→Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.Whatheneedsismoreexperience.(1)It+系动词+形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)+that从句Itiscertainthatmostofthefarmershavebroughtinmoremoneybyallmeans.(2)It+be+名词(短语)(apity,ashame,goodnews,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等)+that从句It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.(3)It+be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,wellknown,announced等)+that从句Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingouttheexperiment.(4)It+特殊动词(seem,appear,happen,matter)+that从句IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.注意:(1)在“Itisnecessary,important,strange,natural+that从句”结构中,从句常用“(should+)动词原形”形式。(2)在“It+be+suggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,required+that从句”结构中,that从句应用“(should+)动词原形”。三、宾语从句1.动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope,tell,say等)可以带宾语从句。Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Idon’tsupposehecares,doeshe?(2)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfull.2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.注意:(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。Wecouldseethetemplequiteclearlyfromwherewelived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的,只有在except,in,but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Yourcompositionisquitegoodexceptthattheorganizationisabitloose.3.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。I’msurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.四、表语从句1.主句的主语是idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”的形式。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)changeourcourse.2.主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why或because。Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocarelessanddranktoomuch.3.because,asif,asthough,as,like等连接词也可引导表语从句。Hehasheartdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.五、同位语从句同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。1.能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought等。2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但也可以用连接代词(what,which,who)、连接副词(when,where,why,how)或whether引导。Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后,而是被别的词隔开。ThestorygoesthatWilliamTelldidkillthekingwiththatsword.六、名词性从句的几个难点1.that通常不可省略的四种情况:(1)引导主语从句,that置于句首时不可省略。Thathefailedintheexammadehisparentsdisappointed.(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。Iwished(that)wecouldgosightinginHangzhouthissummerandthatwecouldbuysomebooksonourwaybackinShanghai.(3)在由it作形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句中,that也不可省略。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldn’tagreetotheplan.(4)引导表语从句和同位语从句时,that也不可省略。2.what与that的区别:what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“……的人(地方、东西)等”;that只起引导作用,在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。Whathesaidwastrue.Thathecamelatemadetheteacherangry.感悟高考1.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thavewehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.(2010·福建,35)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether解析句意为:我们应当重视食物,珍惜食物,并应为那些没有我们所拥有的食物的人们作些考虑。that引导名词性从句时不作句子成分,而此处引导词须作宾语从句中的宾语,故that不合适;which和whether的含义与句意不符;what引导宾语从句并在句中作宾语,符合句意。C2.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknewshewassoangry.(2010·湖南,35)A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why解析句意为:Cindy用力关上门并且大哭了起来,办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气。本题考查宾语从句,且从句中缺少状语,根据句意分析,D项正确。D3.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknowittakestostartabusinesshere.(2010·天津,14)A.howB.whatC.whenD.which解析句意为:作为一名新的毕业生,他不知道在这里创业需要些什么。what在宾语从句中充当takes的宾语。本题可采用句式还原法解题,只要把宾语从句还原成Ittakes...todosth.句式,即可轻松得出答案。B4.somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.(2010·北京,33)A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How解析句意为:某些人看作是障碍的东西却被很多人看作是有利的情况或因素。drawback意思是“缺点;障碍”;plus在此处的意思是“有利的情况或因素”。what引导主语从句并在从句中作regard的宾语。B5.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.(2010·四川,14)A.whatB.whoC.howD.why解析句意为:一个人在旅游中的高兴程度在很大程度上取决于他是和谁一起去的,不管是他的朋友还是亲戚。介词on后跟宾语从句,从句中缺少介词with的宾语,应用连接代词,排除C、D两项;由句意知应选B项。B领悟语法Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1.Theemployersoftengivethejobtotheybelievehasworkexperiencewithastrongsenseofduty.2.lifebeganontheearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlestoscientists.3.—Whatareyouworryingabout?—Itisthereisanychanceofbeinginfected