信用风险管理-德勤

CreditRiskManagementEnhancingYourBottomLineEbrahimShabudinManagingDirectorDeloitte&ToucheLLPTheAFP23rdAnnualConferenceNewOrleansNovember3-6,2002CreditBackgroundThoroughidentificationandaccuratemeasurementofcreditrisk,supportedbystrongriskmanagementcanhelpimprovethebottomline…..Anuncertainandvolatileeconomicenvironmentsignificantlyimpactsthisability…..ThedesiretogrowandturninoutstandingresultshasatendencytoputpressureonthechecksandbalanceswithinbusinessesValuePropositionCreditplaysacriticalrolein“selling”productsandservices–Expandsrevenueopportunitieswithcreditworthy,incrementalcustomers–UtilizesinnovativestructurestosupportbusinessrelationshipsEffectivecreditriskmanagementlimitscreditlossesandprovidesstablecashflowsandearnings–MarketplacerewardscompaniesexhibitingearningsandcashflowstabilitywithhigherP/Emultiples–Marketplacepenalizescreditinducedvolatilityand“surprises”RaisesquestionsaboutqualityofmanagementCorporateCreditRiskCompaniesareexposedtosignificantlevelsofcreditriskemanatingfromdifferentsourcesAccountsReceivablesOtherNotesReceivablesBuyerandFranchiseFinancingWithRecourseFinancing–ProjectFinance–StructuredTransactions–LeaseswithRecourseDerivativesExposures–FX,InterestRateRisk,Commoditiesetc.CollateralRisk–ParentorThirdPartyGuarantees–CommercialandStandbyLettersofCredit–NotealsothatCriticalSupplierstothecompanymayposespecificcreditriskDSOImpact…anexampleActualCompanyAPeerAverageQ3A/R$295,396,000Q3Sales$261,201,000\DSOs=124*51.3HypotheticalDCashDSOs51.3Q3Sales$261,201,000\Q3A/R=$122,002,230+$173,393,770*Equals295.4M/261.2Mx90(ornumberofdaysinsalesperiod)CreditasaFacilitatorCreditriskmanagementisimportant–Creditisafacilitatorofbusinessgrowthandperformance–Highbusinessmarginstendtoattractlowerqualityclientsandthereforehigherriskprofiletomanage–Clients(buyers)maybeconcentratedinselectedindustriesandprovidelimitedportfoliodiversificationopportunity–Poorcreditriskmanagementresultinginnegativeimpacttobottom-lineisheavilypenalizedbymarketsCreditStrategy&RiskToleranceSpecificQuantifiableObjectivesManagementReviewMethodologyCreditObjectivesandRiskTolerancesCreditPoliciesCreditRiskManagementProcessesImproveProfitabilityReportingCreditStrategy/PlanCommonPerformanceMetricsCreditStrategyStatementandRiskToleranceCoordinationwithBusinessPlanThebusinessstrategiesandobjectivesdrivetheestablishmentofcreditpoliciesandprocedures.Measurementandreportingaswellastheuseofcurrenttechnologiesenhancecreditdecision-makingandimproveriskmanagement.Theentireprocessiscontinuallyre-evaluatedandimproved.CreditRiskAreastoConsiderCreditPolicyCreditApprovalAuthorityLimitSettingPricingTermsandConditionsDocumentation:ContractsandCovenantsCollateralandSecurityCollections,DelinquenciesandWorkoutsExposureManagement–Aggregation–ControlPeriodicAccountReviews–Payments/Aging–CreditConditionCompliancewithCovenants,TermsTechnology/Reports–Transactions/Bookings–Risk-adjustedReturnSalesChannelsRiskStrategyUnderwritingStandardsCreditApplicationAnalysisBusiness/IndustryFinancialCreditCreditScoringandRatingsOrigination/AssessmentAdministrationMonitoring/ControlRiskManagementPortfolioManagementConcentrationDiversificationAllowanceforBadDebtsRiskMitigationObjectivesTypeofExposureInstrumentsorMethodsValueCreationBusinessPerformanceMeasuresOrganizationsneedarigoroussetofmeasurestosupportcontinuousimprovementPerformance-basedmanagementutilizesmetricsthatmeasureactualperformanceagainstpredeterminedthresholds.Thethresholdsareestablishedtakingintoaccounttheorganization’sstrategy,operatingenvironmentandprocesscontrols.Themeasuresdrivevaluecreationandshouldsupportproblemidentificationandcorrection.BusinessStrategySystemsOperationsFinancePerformanceManagementSaleschannelsContracts&DocumentationCreditanalysisCreditlimitPricing&termsCreditAnalysisCreditDecisionsCollectionsCREDITPOLICYCollateralacceptancePortfoliomanagementFinancialanalysisDisposal/RiskmitigationCollateralmanagementCustomermanagementExposuremeasurementManagementreportingExposureaggregationRecoveriesCreditscoringRiskratingRISKMANAGEMENTCreditRiskManagement’sInter-relatedActivitiesComplianceOriginationReportingTransactionsCreditPolicies&ProceduresAnalysis&RiskManagementGovernance,ControlandImplementationMeasurementMethodologiesTechnology&DataIntegrityCreditStrategy&RiskToleranceAcompleteandcoherentriskmanagementframeworkcontainsthefollowingelementsCreditRiskManagementReassessmentCreditStrategy&RiskToleranceANewParadigmAnewbusinessparadigmhadevolved:causingalackofrelianceongoodfundamentalanalysisTheideathatstockmarketvalueswouldcontinuetogoupindefinitelyIncreasinglycompetitive,complexandvolatilemarketplaceHigherthanexpectedactualdebtburdensExtensiverelianceonunrealisticfuturecashflowsFailuresincorporategovernanceQuestionablepersonalandcorporateethicsImplicationsforCorporateGovernanceCurrentorganizationstructurestoberevisitedClarityaroundrolesandresponsibilitiesNeedforhonesty,integrityandindependence(self-regulation)TechnicalexpertiseofpeopleandstrongmanagementprocessesImproveddisc