2011年英语高考专题复习-短文改错

英语高考专题复习短文改错1、贴近实际生活2、多以记叙文或应用文的形式出现3.内容相对独立、完整。命题的总原则是整篇理解、分句解题。4、语言简单易懂，没有生僻、超纲词汇，词数为120左右。5、句子结构简单，基本是简单句和简单的复合句。涉及词法、句法、行文的逻辑等三个方面。短文改错的题型特点几率1.词错2.多词3.缺词6-81-21-2短文改错的解题思路1.读通全文，掌握大意2.整句理解，逐句找错3.由易到难，各个击破4.检查核对；规范改正常出现的错误类型1、动词时态、语态2、名词3、形容词、副词4、代词5、介词6、冠词7、连词8、介词9.主谓一致10.关系代词与关系副词（从句）11.固定搭配一、动词形主要包括三类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误和情态动词。2007四川卷：Whenhegetshome,hesawtheanimalwaitingatthedoor,stillwearinghisjacketwiththewalletinthepocket.2007天津卷：InGradeEightItookphysics.InonetestIgetonly36percentoftheanswerscorrect.gotgotI’msorrythatIwasn’tabletoreturnyourbikeontimeyesterday.Imeantogiveitbacktoyoubeforefourintheafternoon,butwasholduponmywayback.(2009全国卷2)I’mgladtoknowthatyouhadaninterestinChinesefood.(2009重庆卷)meantheldhave5.Aftertheyhadchosethebookstheywishedtoread,theinstructortoldthemtheprincipalpointshewantedthemtonote.6.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefilm.chosenlikes7.Iwillliketoknowwhereyouwereborn.would8.Whenoursixchildrenwereyoung,suppertimeisalwaysbeinginterrupted.9.Growingupisnoteasy.Sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.wasneeded[考点剖析]此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：(1)短文中时态的使用前后不一致。(2)在特定语境条件下时态的误用(如含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态)。(3)主动语态和被动语态的混用。解决方案(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动.二、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。2007陕西卷：Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.lessons2006福建卷：Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.interestIstayedhereforoneandahalfhour.(2009全国卷2)hoursOnerainydaywhileIwaswalkinghomewithoneofmyfriend,atrunkcametostopbesideus.(2009浙江卷)friends.1.Thebookwillgiveyoualltheinformationsyouneed.2.Heisongoodtermwithme.3.Heisagenerousfellow,andwillsoonmakefriendwithyouagain.furniture,fun,homework,paper,news,progress,trouble,work（工作），advice等informationtermsfriends4.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily5.AuntMaryreturnedhomeaftertenyear’sabsence.6.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.years’ideahome[考点剖析]此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：(1)可名词与不可数名词的混用。(2)用于固定词组中的一些名词的用法。(3)同义词或反义词的混用。1.理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。2.记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法。3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义名词。三、还要注意形和副注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。2007浙江卷：Igottothefinishinglinefirst.Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.2006福建卷：Wecanhearbirdssinginghappyallaround.proudhappily１修饰名词、be动词、系动词要用形容词；２修饰动词、形容词、整个句子用副词；３比较级和最高级的使用。2008全国卷ⅡIwilllearnmoreaboutthehistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe2008Olympicgames.2006辽宁卷Shewasusualpatientwithherstudentsandnevermadethemdisappointed.usuallywellHehasacomfortableroom,patientlynurses,andagreatdealoftimetoread.(陕西卷)patientsoIgratefulacceptedtheoffer.(浙江卷)gratefully1.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.2.Thetwomenthrewalltheirequipmentintothewatertomaketheballoonlight.3.Thenewpersononthejobfeelsmorebetterafterheorshehasplayedtenniswithotherpeopleintheoffice.latelightermuch/even/rather考点剖析:(1)形容词和副词的混用，是短文改错中常见的考点之一.(2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用.(3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用以及近义词的误用.解决方案(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法功能.(2)理清短文中形容词和副词比较等级的关系.(3)结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词.四、非谓语，细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。2007浙江卷：Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.2007宁夏卷：LiMengcameseemeeveryday.toSoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.(全国卷2)goMyclassmate,Joseph,isatpresentinhospitalwithabreakingleg.(陕西卷)broken1.Hehasneverbeenheardspeakillofothers.2.Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.3.ItisdifficulttomakeyourselfunderstandinEnglish.tounderstoodbecome4.Onhiswayhome,hesuddenlyheardhisnamecalling.5.Butthentherearealwaysmoremysterieslookinto.6.Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.calledtolearning考点剖析此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用.(2)非谓语动词之间的混用.(3)在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用.高考链接6：IheardthatMr.WangwouldteachourEnglishthisterm.1.人称代词主格和宾格，物主代词的使用．2.反身代词oneself的使用．3．不定代词的使用．4．Both,all,either,neither,none的使用.5.Whose和who’s，its和it’s的区别．五、代词格，细领悟us2008全国IIIshouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievement.2007陕西JustatthattimeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed!ourmyselfThismanmightneedtheumbrellahimself,buthepreferredtogiveittoeveryoneelse.(浙江卷)someone/somebody。I’mgladtoknowthatyouhaveaninterestinChineseFood.HereI’dliketotellyousomethingaboutthem.(重庆卷)it1.Knowledgeisthereforwhomeverwillseekit.2.Whomdoyouthinkisthewriterofthisbook?3.Hisbrother’scaseisquitedifferentfromme.whoeverwhomine4.Peoplefindincreasinglydifficulttomaketheirliving.5.Thosefreshmenfinallylearnedtosolvetheproblemsbythem.6.Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.itthemselves[考点剖析]此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：1)代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误.2)“it”一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语).3)不定代词或反身代词的误用.[解决方案](1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握it的各种用法.(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。catchasightoflosemyheartinhurryinSundayafternoonsuchmanypeopleinashortaon∨so六、习惯用法要记住1.I’msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.(NMET2004)at2.Afterfiveyearsawayinmyhometown,IfindthattheneighborhoodwhichIusedtoliveinhaschangedalot.(2009全国卷1)from1.Don’tapproachtoaworkofartinsuchaspirit.2.Theboywasabsorbedbuildingadaminthebrook.3.Thegentlemaninsistedatmyreceivingthemoney.4.Atlastwereachedtothevillageatthefootofthehillinon6.Becausethehelpyougavemet