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系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词,如：be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词，也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here,there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质等。句子成分II：表语/定语/状语/补语一、表语练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词,不定式,分词，还是表语从句)。1.Mywalletisonthedesk.1.onthedesk,介词短语。2.Thebookisn’tmine.2.mine,名词。3.Theleavesturnyellowinfall.3.yellow,形容词。4.Hehasbecomeapoliceofficer.apoliceofficer,名词。5.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.thatweshouldstartatonce.,表语从句。6.Mysuggestionistoleaveatonce.6.toleaveatonce,不定式短语。7.Hisspeechwasboring.7.boring，现在分词。8.Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.8.excited，过去分词。定语用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时,或者是短语或定语从句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。二、定语练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当（形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句）1.Thebeautifulsightattractsmanytouristseveryyear.1.beautiful,形容词,many,数词。2.Thewalletonthedeskismine.onthedesk,介词短语。3.Thedemandingbosswasn’tsatisfiedwithmywork.demanding,现在分词,my,形容词性代词。4.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.beingrepaired,现在分词短语,our,形容词性代词。5.Heisoneofthestudentsthathavebeenlate.5.one,数词;thathavebeenlate,定语从句。6.Theexcitedboysburstintocheers.6.excited，过去分词。7.Awomanpoliceofficerwaspraisedforhergoodwork.7.woman，名词；good，形容词。状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，作状语的典型词类是副词,也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。三、状语练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句)。1.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.1.carefully,副词，athome，介词词组。2.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.2.todosomeshopping不定式作目的状语;onSunday介词短语表时间。3.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.3.WhenIgrowup,时间状语从句。4.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.4.Feelingtired,现在分词短语表原因，withoutsupper,介词短语表方式。5.Helosthisjobduetohislackofpatience.duetohislackofpatience介词短语表原因。6.Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.6.Broughtupinthecountry,过去分词短语表原因。补充说明主语的称为主语补足语；补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。四、补足语练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当的(名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词)。1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.1.monitor名词。2.Hetreatedhismistakeasajoke.2.asajoke，介词词组。3.Weheardhersingingasong.3.singingasong,现在分词短语。4.Hetoldmetomakemyowndecision.4.tomakemyowndecision,动词不定式。5.Ithinkitwrongofhimtodeclinemyoffer.5.wrong,形容词。6.Hewatchedaninsectcaughtbyabird.6.caughtbyabird，过去分词短语。【注意】如果把主动语态改成被动语态,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例如：Hewasacknowledgedtobethebestplayer.他被公认为是最佳选手。(不定式作主语补足语)