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Module3Grammar时间状语从句ByZhangLinna在句中起时间状语作用的从句称为时间状语从句。时间状语从句的位置灵活，可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。时间状语从句的基本时态：1.主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来；2.主句是一般现在时，从句用所需的现在时态（一般现在时、现在进行时等）；3.主句用一般过去时，从句用所需的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时等）。Ⅰ.when引导的时间状语从句1.When表示“当……时候”，表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或者先后紧接着发生。①IlovedhistorywhenIwasatschool.②Callmewhenyoufinishyourwork.③Iwilltellyouwhenhecomes.2.When引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以用短暂性动词，也可以用延续性动词。①WhenIwasyoung,Iwenttotownmyself.（延续性）②He’lltelluswhenhereceivestheletter.（短暂性、非延续性）3.When还可以作连词用于并列句，译为“这时、那时”，相当于atthistime,atthattime.常用于：1）sb.bedoingwhen…(某人正在做某事，突然……）①IwasthinkingofthisquestionwhenIheardmynamecalled.②Hewassleepingwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.③Hewasworkingonadesignwhenhisfriendarrived.2)sb.beabouttodowhen…（某人正要做……，这时……）①Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.②Hewasabouttocrossthestreetwhenacarknockedhimdown.翻译：我正要走的时候爸妈回来了。这个小女孩正要哭的时候爸爸给了她一些糖果Ⅱ.while,as引导的时间状语从句1.While引导的时间状语从句中谓语必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词（如stay,sit,stand,live…等）①PleaselistentomewhileIread.②Iwasastudentwhileshestayedhere.③Whilelisteningtotheradio,shefellasleep.(当主句和从句的主语一致时，常省略从句的主语和系动词)2.as引导的时间状语从句谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。①Itchangesinspeedanddirectionasitmoves.(延续性)②“No,Iwon’t.I’llbefine,”saidZhouKai,asheopenedthedoor.（非延续性）3.While强调“一段时间内”，而as强调”两件事同时”,常译作“一边……一边……”①WhileJimwasfixing(修理)hisbike,LinTaocametoseehim.②Thestudentstooknotesastheylistenedcarefully.注意：1.当从句谓语进行时间较长时用while，而不用as和when1）Iwasquitehappyas/whenIfoundmylostwatch.2）HewassleepingwhileIwaswaitingforhimatthestation.2.When和as都可以表示两个动作的先后顺序，而while却不能,即while强调动作的同时性。1)When/Astheclockstrucksix,Tomgotup.2)Whilelisteningtotheradio,shefellasleep.Ⅲ.until/till1.当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句和从句都用肯定句，表示某动作“一直持续到……”（一般认为till不如until正式，所以常用的是until）①YoumuststayhereuntilIcomeback.②Justwaituntil/tillyouseeit.2.当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时，主句必须用否定句，构成not…until/till句型，表示“直到……才……”①Shedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillshefinishedherhomework.②Youshouldn’tgohomeuntilwecallyou.3.till不可以置于句首，而until可以Untilyoutoldmethenews,Ihadnoideaofit.(直到你告诉我，我才对这件事有了主意)4.notuntil用于句首，主句需部分倒装（将句中的系动词be,情态动词、助动词提到主语前面）Notuntiltheclockstruck(敲打)12didsherealizeshemustgohomeatonce.=Shedidn’trealizeshemustgohomeatonceuntiltheclockstruck12.Ⅳ.表示“一……就……”的时间状语1.Assoonas:如果主句用将来时、情态动词或者祈使句，从句必须用一般现在时表将来；①I’lltellyouassoonashecomes.②Pleasehandinyourhomeworkassoonasyoufinish.③Shemaycomeassoonasshefinishesthework.2.directly,immediately”一……就……”①Iwillcomedirectly/immediatelyIgetyourmessage.②Icameimmediately/directlyIgotyourmessage.3.Once“一……就……；一旦；当……的时候”①Onceyouloseconfidence,youwon’tbeabletodotheworkwell.②Youwillneverstudywellonceyouloseheart.③Wedidn’tknowwhatweshoulddooncethemoneyhadgone(钱花光).4.nosooner(主句)…than（从句）…,hardly…when…在这两个句型中，主句多用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，nosooner和hardly置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。①Jackhadnosoonerseenmethanhelefttheroom.（杰克一看见我就离开了房间。）=Jackhadhardlyseenmewhenhelefttheroom.②NosoonerhadJackseenmethanhelefttheroom.=HardlyhadJackseenmewhenhelefttheroom.翻译：1）他们刚到火车站，火车就开了。Theyhadhardlyarrivedatthestationwhenthetrainleft.=Hardlyhadtheyarrivedatthestationwhenthetrainleft.2)他一说话我就笑了。HehadsosoonertalkedthanIlaughed.=NosoonerhadhetalkedthanIlaughed.Ⅴ.themoment,theday,nexttime,lasttime,everytime,eachtime等引导的时间状语从句：①Hecametoseemethemomentheknewmycoming.②Nexttimeyoucome,youwillseehim.=Youwillseehimnexttimeyoucome.③EverytimeIcametoXixiang,Ihadacold.或者IwillcatchacoldeverytimeIcometoXixiang.Ⅵ.before,after引导的时间状语(主句和从句的谓语动作有先后)①Afterthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.孩子们睡着之后她才开始备课。②HehadlearntEnglishforthreeyearsbeforehewenttoLondon.在去伦敦之前他已经学了三年的英语。③Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.用不了多久我们就会再见面。Ⅶ.since引导的时间状语，表示持续性或瞬间性,主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。①Itisjustaweeksincewecamehere.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since(一般过去时)…②HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIfellill.③HehasbeeninChinafortwentyyearssincehegraduatedfromcollege.