新东方定语从句

定语从句高考语法知识点主讲人：丁竞定语从句在句中有一个具有主谓结构完整的句子来充当定语，修饰前面的名词（短语）或代词。这个起修饰作用的从句称为定语从句。You’rethepersonwhodeeplyshockedme.先行词被关系词所指代并且被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象。You’rethepersonwhodeeplyshockedme.*先行词可以不只是一个词，它还可以是一个短语、一个完整的句子。Ilikewatchingsoapoperas,whichismyfavouritehobby.Shealwaysbelateforappointments,whichannoyedmostofherfriends.关系词重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词。You’rethepersonwhodeeplyshockedme.*关系词分为关系代词和关系副词关系代词常见关系代词有who/whom/whose/which/thatⅰ.Who/whom的用法1.先行词指人Thiswomanisafamousactressandsheisalsoasinger.ThiswomanisafamousactressWHOisalsoasinger.2.who/whom的区别：who在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但前不能接介词，whom可以。（09海南28）7.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these[2007安徽卷]3.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhomⅱ.Whose的用法：表示人或物的所有关系，whose后接名词“whose+名词”在从句中可作主语、动词宾语或介词宾语。(09安徽30）2.Manychildren，parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhomⅲ.Which的用法：1.先行词指物Wearestudyinggrammer.Itcontainsattributiveclauses.WearestudyinggrammerWHICHcontainsattributiveclasuses.2.which可以指代a.单个名词Loveisamagicwhichcanmakepeoplelovely.b.单个短语（10江苏32）Thenewlybuiltcafe,thewallsof____arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.A.thatB.itC.whatD.whichc.整个句子（10全国一14）Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,____isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.thatⅳ.That的用法：1.先行词可指人可指物2.that不用在非限制性定语从句中3.that不能前接介词Theworldthatweliveinismadeupofmatter.4.最好用that的情况（重点记忆）A.先行词既是有人又有物时Thewriterandhisnovelsthatthearticledealswitharequitefamiliartous.B.先行词为指物的all/little/few/much/none/thefirst时Aslongasyoustanduptothedifficulties,therearenonethatcannotbeovercome.C.先行词是不定代词something/anything/nothing/everything时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?C.先行词被any/only/all/every/no/some/much/few/little/序数词/最高级/theonly/theone/thevery/theright/thelast修饰时D.先行词被any/only/all/every/no/some/much/few/little/序数词/最高级/theonly/theone/thevery/theright/thelast修饰时[2007上海春]10.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewaskepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad．A．thatB．allthatC．allwhatD．which*在从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略a.Samlikesthegiftwhichwesentforhisbirthday.b.Samlikesthegiftthatwesentforhisbirthday.c.Samlikesthegiftwesentforhisbirthday.四．关系副词常见的关系副词有when,where,whyⅰ.When的用法:1.先行词是表时间的名词，when=onwhichI’llneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichImetyou.2.when在从句中作时间状语：若定语从句不是缺状语，而是缺主语或宾语，要用which/that来引导。I’llneverforgetthetimewhichIspentoncampus.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthepark.3.when的先行词可以是含有时间意义的抽象名词。（09四川20）10.She’llneverforgetherstaythere________shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenⅱ.Where的用法1.先行词是表地点的名词，如place/house等。Where=at/inwhichThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.ThisisthetowninwhichIspentmychildhood.2.where在句中作地点状语：若定语从句缺主语或宾语，要用which/that引导定语从句。ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.ThisisthetownwhichItoldyouaboutbefore.3.where的先行词可以是含有地点意义的抽象名词，如situation,point等。[2007江西卷]7.Aftergradutationshereachedapointinhercareersheheededtodecionwhattodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whereⅲ.Why的用法：1.先行词是reason等表原因的名词why=forwhichYouarethereasonwhyIstay.2.*只引导限制性定语从句五．介词+关系代词ⅰ.从定语从句中找线索1.定语从句中的动词：所选介词需于动词搭配（09陕西11）Guncontrolisasubject_____Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich2.定语从句中的形容词HereferredmetosomereferencebookwithwhichIamnotveyfamiliar.3.定语从句中的名词Iamsendingyouaninquiry,towhichyourpromptattentionishighlyappreciated.ⅱ.从先行词判断：介词与先行词构成固定搭配Atthearea,totheextent,tothedegree,atthetemperature,etc.[2007重庆卷30]Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhichⅲ.表示所属关系或部分关系与整体关系时用介词of(08四川卷)4.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,_______NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich六．限制性和非限制定语从句1．形式上区别：“逗号”2.意义上的区别：A.限制性定语从句B.非限制性定语从句*如果定语从句修饰的是一个专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句。C.可限制性也可非限制性的定语从句：二者强调的意义不一样。Hehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.*两种定语从句翻译有差别：限制性定语从句一般译为“……的”定语形式；而非限制性定语从句往往译为各种状语（尤以原因状语居多）。Thefood,whichwasn’tinthefridge,allwentoff.Thepeopleweredesperateforwork,anywork,whichcouldsupporttheirfamily.七．that引导的定语从句和同位语从句区别：1.that是否作成分2.从句的作用Therumorthathespreateverywhereturnedouttobeuntrue.TherumorthatTomwasathiefturnedouttobeuntrue.八．几个特殊关系词ⅰ．As的用法1.as引导限制性定语从句时，只出现在固定的结构中，如such,thesame,as,so的后面Hetriedtomakeasfewmistakesashecouldavoided.2.as引导非限制性定语从句可位于句首，which不行Asisknown,thewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.3.as和which都可引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面整个句子。As引导时有“正好”，“就像……”，“由……而知”的含义。若从句和主句内容上是一致或是顺接的关系，用as。若从句和主句内容上不一致，或从句对主句内容起反对、否定等消极作用时，多用which。(09天津15）12ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,_____domanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.（as）A.asB.whichC.whenD.thoughⅱ．What的用法：含义为thethingthat;allthat1.what前不能有先行词：what=“特定的先行词+that”All____isacontinuoussupplyofthebasicnecessitiesoflife.A.whatisneededB.thethingsneededC.forourneedsD.thatisneeded2.what单独使用作关系代词表人也表物Sheisnotwhatsheusedtobe.3.what+名词：意为“所有的……，尽可能多的……”IwillgiveyouwhathelpIcan.