论英语学习者的错误

OnEnglishLearnerErrors第1页共11页论英语学习者的错误OnEnglishLearners’ErrorsOnEnglishLearnerErrors第2页共11页Abstract:LearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageisstep-by-stepprocess,duringwhichChinesestudentswillinevitablymakesomeerrors.Itisimportantforteacherstoknowwhenandhowtocorrectstudents’errors.UsingaproperwaytofacilitateEnglishlearninghasbeenoneofthechallengesfortheteacher.Thoughanumberoflinguisticresearchershaveaddressedthisissue,thereisstillalottobestudied.Thispaperisafurtherdiscussioninthisarea.ItfirstmakesananalysisoferrorsandthenproposestheirspecifictreatmentappropriateinChina.Keywords:errors；mistakes;causesoferrors;errorcorrection;solutions摘要：英语作为一门外语学习是一个循序渐进的过程,我国的学生在这一过程中不可避免地要出现一些错误.对老师们来而言,熟知何时及如何改正学生的错误是很重要的.提高和帮助英语学习，使用恰当的方式是老师需要面临的挑战之一，虽然已有不少语言学方面的研究者致力于这一问题，仍有许多东西需要研究。这篇论文就是这一领域较深层次的探讨。论文首先对错误进行分析，然后根据国情提出针对性的建议。关键词：错误，误解，错误的原因，错误改正，解决方案。OnEnglishLearnerErrors第3页共11页ContentsI.Introduction…………………………………………...............1II.LiteratureReview………………...…………………………………2A.Definition’soferrorsandmistakes…………………………………2B.Typesoflearnererrors………………….……………………………21.Linguisticerrors……………………………………………………32.PragmaticFailure………………………..…………………………4C.Strategiesforerrorcorrectio…………….……………………………4III.CausesofErrors………….......……………………………………5A.Interlingualinterference……………………………………...………5B.Intralingualinterference………………………………….......………5C.Culturalinterference…………………………………………………6D.Communicationstrategy……………………………………………6E.Improperteaching……………………………………………………6IV.WhenandHowtoCorrectStudents’Error……………………7A.Evolutionofattitudetowardserrors………………………………7B.Attitudetobetake……………………………….……………………81.StrategiestobeAdoptedinTreatingLinguisticError……………82.StrategiestobeAdoptedinTreatingPragmatic………………………8C.Self-correctionwiththeteacher’shelp…………………………………9D.Peer’scorrection……………………………………...………………9V.Conclusion…………………………………………..………………10WorksCited……………………………………………………………11OnEnglishLearnerErrors第4页共11页I.IntroductionSincethelate1960s,withthedetailedstudyoftransformationalgenerativegrammar,Englishteachinghasgraduallyabandonedthemechanicpatterndrills,andfocusedondevelopingstudents’communicativecompetence.Studentswereencouragedtolearnbycommunicatinginthetargetlanguageandnotbymerelyrepeatinggrammaticalitems.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatlanguageacquisitiondoesnothappenunlessthelearnersarerelaxedandkeenonlearning.Fearofmakingerrorspreventslearnersfrombeingreceptiveandresponsive,studentswereencouragedtoexpressthemselvesinEnglishabouttheirownaffairs.Intheprocessoflearninglanguage,learnersoftenmakeerrorsthatareconsideredtobeanaturalandnecessarypartinthelanguagedevelopment.Weshouldrathersaythaterrorsareindispensabletostudents，andsuchperformanceprovidesevidenceofthesystemofthelanguagethatstudentsareusingataparticularpointduringthecourse.Sinceerrorsareoftenasignoflearning,theymustbeviewedpositively.Itisofgreatpracticalvalueforlanguageteacherstostudytheerrorsfromstudentscarefully,becausetheseerrorsarethesymbolsofstudents’progressandachievementsinlearning.Weshouldlearnformtheerrorsandanalyzewhatkindoferrorsthatthestudentshavemade,especiallyinclass,toensurethatweusetheappropriatewaytocorrectstudents’errorssoastopromotestudents'Englishlearning.“Noonecanlearnaforeignlanguagewithoutcommittinganyerrorsinhis/herlearningprocess”(HuZ.L.329).Thendealingwiththelearners’errorinaproperwayinordertofacilitateEnglishlearninghasbeenoneofthechallengesfacingtheteacher.Thoughanumberoflinguisticresearchershaveaddressedthisissue,thereisstillalotoftobestudied.Thispaperisfurtherdiscussioninthisarea.ItfirstmakesananalysisoferrorsandthenproposessomespecificsolutionsappropriateinChina.Intheareaofforeignlanguageteaching,therehavebeensometheoriesinwhichEnglishlearners’errorsareanalyzed,anddiversemethodsofdealingwiththemaresuggested.Thesetheories,however,offerdifferentorevencontradictoryviewsonerrorsandcompletelydifferentstrategiesindealingwiththem.Asaresult,manyEnglishteachersinChinafeelpuzzledwhenfacingtheirstudents’errors.Therefore,itisnecessarytomakestillfurtherresearchonthedomainoferroranalysisandfindpropererrortreatingwaysinChinawherethenumberofEnglishlearners,alreadygreat,isincreasing.OnEnglishLearnerErrors第5页共11页II.LiteratureReviewA.DefinitionoferrorsandmistakesErroranalysistheoryfirstneedstodistinguish“errors”and“mistakes”.Severallinguistsdefine“error”and“mistake”fromdifferentangles.Brown(2000:217)explainserrorandmistakeasfollows:mistakereferstomakeaslipofthetongueormakeamistakeforchoosingwordsatrandom,whileerrorreferstothegrammaticallyincorrectforms.Besides,James(1998:83)indicateserrorandmistakemoreclearly:whileerrorsdefinedasunintentionallydeviantfromthetargetlanguageandnotself-corrigiblebythelearnersuggestfailureincompetence,mistakesaseitherintentionallyorunintentionallydeviantformsandself-corrigiblesuggestfailureinperformance.AfamousmodernChineselinguist—HuZhuanglin(2005:374)pointsoutthat“error”isthegrammaticallyincorrectform;“mistake”occurswhenthelanguageiscorrectgrammaticallybutimproperinacommunicationalcontext.Whileerrorsalwaysgowithlanguagelearners,mistakesmayalsooccurtonativespeakers.Ther