碳钢阀门铸件和锻件如何满足NACE要求How to make NACE material with carbon steel casting and forging: By JYS 铸件锻件没有必要做HIC、SSC试验 NACE MR0175 ISO 15156 2 part 2 (2009): Carbon and low alloy steel NACE requirement 8EvaluationofcarbonandlowalloysteelsfortheirresistancetoHIC/SWC TheequipmentusershallconsiderHIC/SWCasdefinedinANSI/NACEMR0175/ISO15156-1whenevaluatingflat-rolledcarbonsteelproductsforsourserviceenvironmentscontainingeventraceamountsofH2SandshallconsiderHIC/SWCtestingoftheseproducts.AnnexBprovidesguidanceontestmethodsandacceptancecriteriatoevaluateresistancetoHIC/SWC.对于用钢板卷制的压力容器在含H2S介质时,必须进行HIC/SWC试验………….TheprobabilityofHIC/SWCisinfluencedbysteelchemistryandmanufacturingroute.Thelevelofsulfurinthesteelisofparticularimportance,typicalmaximumacceptablelevelsforflat-rolledandseamlessproductsare0.003%massfractionand0.01%massfraction,respectively.Conventionalforgingswithsulfurlevelslessthan0.025%massfraction,andcastings,arenotnormallyconsideredsensitivetoHICorSOHIC.HIC/SWC受化学成份和制造过程影响。硫含量是特别重要的,通常认为对于钢板制品硫含量不大于0.003%,无缝钢管硫含量不大于0.1%,锻件硫含量不大于0.025%,铸件没有限制,上列情况下,材料对HIC(SOHIC)不敏感 A.2SSC-resistantcarbonandlow-alloysteelsandtheuseofcastironsCarbonandlow-alloysteels,productsandcomponentsthatcomplywithClauseA.2are,withstatedexceptions,qualifiedinaccordancewiththispartofANSI/NACEMR0175/ISO15156withoutfurtherSSCtesting.碳钢和低合金钢,在下列情形下不用做SSC试验:A.2.1.2Parentmetalcomposition,heattreatmentandhardnessCarbonandlowalloysteelsareacceptableat22HRCmaximumhardnessprovidedtheycontainlessthan1%nickel,arenotfree-machiningsteelsandareusedinoneofthefollowingheat-treatmentconditions:碳钢和低合金钢在以下情形下不用做SSC试验a)hot-rolled(carbonsteelsonly);热轧碳钢(不含低合金钢)b)annealed;退火态c)normalized正火态d)normalizedandtempered;正火+回火e)normalized,austenitized,quenched,andtempered;正火+淬火+回火f)austenitized,quenched,andtempered.淬火+回火A.2.1.3Carbonsteelsacceptablewithrevisedoradditionalrestrictions………….a)ForgingsproducedinaccordancewithASTMA105areacceptableifthehardnessdoesnotexceed187HBW.A105锻件硬度不大于HB187b)b)WroughtpipefittingstoASTMA234,gradesWPBandWPCareacceptableifthehardnessdoesnotexceed197HBW.7.2.1.4SSCregions1,2and3IntheabsenceofsuitablechoicesfromAnnexA,carbonandlow-alloysteelsmaybetestedandqualifiedforuseunderspecificsour-serviceconditionsorforusethroughoutagivenSSCregion7.2.2SOHICandSZCTheusershouldconsiderSOHICandSZC,asdefinedinANSI/NACEMR0175/ISO15156-1,whenevaluatingcarbonsteelsinplateformandtheirweldedproductsforsourserviceinH2S-containingenvironments.通常锻件铸件都满足上述要求,即锻件硫含量不大于0.025%,锻件、铸件都进行正火、退火或调质热处理。所以锻件做件不用做HIC、SSC试验。锻件铸件是否要控制S/P杂质元素含量:在NACE标准要求中,仅提出锻件硫含量不大于0.025%,没有其它限制。但不同公司要求各异,甚至提出低硫磷要求:TOTAL:forgingP≤0.020,S≤0.015;castingP/S≤0.020Worleyparsons:forgingP ≤0.030,S≤0.025;castingP≤0.030,S≤0.035也有要求低硫磷,P/S≤0.015%………硫、磷等杂质元素对材料的负面影响是多重的,使材料变脆,降低冲击韧性,增加铸造、锻造或焊接等制造过程中的开裂倾向。尽管NACE没有严格的要求,但尽量降低S,P,O,,H等杂质含量还是有益的。综合国内外对NACE的各种内控标准,建议控制如下:1.锻件:将S/P控制P/S≤0.020%,要求精炼,脱气钢a.因为中国大量生产并出口优质钢管,国内市场满足ASTMA105标准的优质钢已普遍。选用精炼脱气的优质钢做锻件,降低S/P含量,也可减少钢材中O、H等杂质元素。按照这个要求控制,也可抑制锻造厂使用劣质的“地条钢”b.确保锻造比超过3:1:钢锭或连铸坯中的缩松、粗大晶粒、化学偏析,可能通过锻造消除,但锻造比小,则上列缺陷会遗传到锻件中。2.铸件:将S/P控制P/S≤0.025%国内阀门铸件以中频感应炉为主,少量铸造厂有电弧炉。电弧炉脱氧还原过程能有效降低钢中的S/P等杂质元素;但中频感应炉较困难,铸造厂应按下列控制:a.优质废钢,对废钢化验,确认S/P很低,选用钢板冲边,钢管退头等。废钢不应有锈、水、油、漆、镀锌等。b.采用中低碳锰铁,减少加入合金材料时增S/Pc.采用镁砂做炉衬材料和钢包内衬d.用铝块(棒)做炉内和包内脱氧