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GrammarIhaveanapple.Theappleisred.Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred.修饰先行词anappleIlikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ilikefrinedswho/thatlikesports.修饰先行词friends先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词事，物：which/that/whose/as人：who/whom/whose/that/as地点：where时间：when原因：whytheusageoftherelativepronoun关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语状语whowhomwhichthatwhose表语定语asThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.Thisistheperson(who)youwanttosee.Theperson(whom)Tomistalkingtoismyfather.Adictionaryisausefulbookwhichtellsusthemeaningofwords.Thefilmwhichwejusttalkedaboutisveryinteresting.Tomislateagain,whichmakeshisteacherveryangry.Theystayedwithmefortwoweeks,duringwhichtimetheydrankallthebeerIhad.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,afterwhichhefoundajobinabigcompany.I´mnotthefool(that)youthoughtmetobe.ThemanthathelpedyouisMrWhite.Thisistheperson(that)youwanttosee.Adictionaryisausefulbookthattellsusthemeaningofwords.Thefilmthatwejusttalkedaboutisveryinteresting.WearetalkingaboutthewayinwhichhespeaksEnglish.WearetalkingaboutthewaythathespeaksEnglish.WearetalkingaboutthewayhespeaksEnglish.I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.I’dlikearoomthewindowofwhichlooksoutoverthesea.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Hehasafriendthefatherofwhomisadoctor.Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.Somepeoplehavenodoubtthattheircatunderstandsas/somanywordsasadogdoes.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.He’ssuchagoodstudentaseveryonelikes.He’ssuchagoodstudentthateveryonelikeshim.Hemarriedthegirl，as(which)wasnatural.Heseemedaforeigner,as(which)infacthewas.Aswasnatural,hemarriedthegirl.Tomislateagain,whichmakeshisteacherveryangry.Theearthtravelsaroundthesun,asiswellknowntousall.theusageoftherelativeadverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语地点状语原因状语Wouldyousuggestatimewhenwecanhaveatalk?Theystillrememberthehappydays(which/that)theyspentinBeidaihe.Inasportsteameachplayerhasaclearrole，andtherearefewoccasionswhenmembersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles．Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge.We´llvisitthefactorywhich/thatmakesradios.Whilepublicspeakingfocusesonanindividual,debateisanactivitywheretwoormorespeakerspresenttheiropinionsinsupportandagainstagivenissue.China’snewfoodlawprovidesforafoodrecall(召回)systemwhereproducershavetostopproductioniftheirfoodisn’tuptostandards.Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.Wearenotsatisfiedwiththereasonthat/whichhegaveus.┏atwhichheworks.┣whichheworksat.Thatisthecollege┣whereheworks.┣thatheworksat.┗heworksat.┏onwhichhewasborn┣whichhewasbornonTheday┣whenhewasbornwas2ndMar.┣thathewasbornon┗hewasbornonThisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidnotcametothemeeting.“介词＋关系代词”用法1.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands2.介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.3.ThetrainonwhichIwenttoBeijingisanexpress.类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开1.有that无that限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别2.作宾语时可以省略不可以省略当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,goesaroundtheearth.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时。YesterdayheleftAmerica,wherehehadstayedfortwoyears.Ihaveasonwhoisadoctor.Ihaveason,whoisadocotor.只用that引导1.当先行词既包括人又包括物时：Hetalkedaboutthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.2.指物的先行词被any,every,only,very,all,no等修饰时：Thesearetheverypointsthatinterestme.That'stheonlywatchthatIlikemost.3.指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：Thefirststep(that)wearetotakeisverydifficult.Thisisthesecondcard(that)hegaveme.4.先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing等时：Thereisstillmuchthatcanbedoneaboutit.Haveyougoteverything(that)youneed?5.先行词是who时：Whothathaveseenhimdoesnotlikehim?不用that的场合如下：1.非限制性定语从句中Lastnight,Isawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.2.介词放在关系代词之前时ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews3.句中出现了that，或先行词是that时IhavefoundthatwhichIwaslookingfor.Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.Thosewhobreakthelawarepunished.Hewhobreaksthelawispunished.定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。Iamnotonewho______afraidofdifficulty．Don‘tchooseme,who_______notfitforthisjob．isamThisisoneofthebestbooks_______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewrittenSheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls___wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosingIsthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek?DIsthisthefactory____wevisitedlastWeek?A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theoneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA先行词是situation,case,scene…，一般用where14.Thisisthesamepen______Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：...thesamepenasIlost....thesamepenthatIlost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem___wecouldn'tsolve.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem___wecouldn'tsolveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.theonesABso...that后面跟的是一个结果状语从句