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Unit1LivingWellDiscoveringusefulstructuresRevisionoftheInfinitive动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive•主语(subject)•宾语(object)•表语(predicative)•定语(attribute)•状语(adverbial)•宾补(objectcomplement)1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)1.不定式作主语(常用it作形式主语)Tofinishthisreporttookhimaweek.Ittookhimaweektofinishthisreport.2.不定式作表语Toseeistobelieve.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.3.Mywishistofinishthejobquickly.2.Myjobistohelpthepatients.不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语．常用不定式作表语的主语有：aim/purpose/idea/intention/plan/wish/decision/choice等作表语Ⅳ.作定语(常常表示将来的动作)1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.①②4.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.Shehasanicepentowrite_____.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolive____.onwithin3.也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Ⅴ.作状语1.表示目的:to/inorderto/soasto2.表示原因不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.3.结果状语:③Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.onlytodoonlytobedone表示意外的结果1.Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.2.Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadleft.Ⅵ.作宾补Ididn’taskyoutopayforthemeal.Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.接todo作宾语补足语的动词及短语有：ask/advise/allow/beg/want/warn/wish/tell/teach/require/permit/forbid/get/help/invite/force/encourage/callon/persuade等不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to“感觉”feel“听”hear,listento“使役动词”have,make,let“看”see,lookat,observe,watch,notice但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.2.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.动词不定式的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoing形式主动被动tobedonetohavebeendone1.Iaskedhimtoattendthemeeting.2.HeseemstobereadingEnglishpoems.3.HeissaidtohavetranslatedthebookintoEnglishlastyear.（toattendthemeeting动作发生在ask后)（seem和read同时发生,强调动作正在进行）（translatethebook发生在besaid之前）II.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.MoreandmorepeopledonotlikewatchingTV;theprogramsseem____________(get)worseallthetime.2.Thepoemissaid__________________(translate)intomanylanguagesinthepastdecade.3.Thefluisbelieved___________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.tobegettingtohavebeentranslatedtobecaused4.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_____________(break)theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.5.Youaresaid___________________(write)anewnoveltheseyears.Haveyoufinishedit?tohavebeenwritingtohavebroken1.___________istolengthenlife.(节约时间就是延长生命。)2.Sheiseasy_______________.(她很好相处。)3.WhenIcalledhim,hehappened________________.(我给他打电话时,他正在洗澡。)III.根据汉语提示,用不定式完成下列句子。Tosavetimetogetalongwithtobetakingabath4.Thebookissaid_______________________________________.(据说这本书已经被翻译成好几种语言。)5.Theexperiencemakesusrealizethatmuchoftheworldremains____________.(这次经历使我们意识到世界上有很多东西仍有待探索。)6.Theteacheraskedus______________.(老师叫我们不要如此吵闹。)tohavebeentranslatedintoseverallanguagestobeexplorednottobesonoisyThequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.1.主语＋be+adj.+todo能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.主动形式表被动意义的不定式Theboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin.2.主语+be+adj.+enough+todoThebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.3.主语+be+too+adj.+todo动词后面跟V-ing还是不定式,含义不相同,总的来说,表示习惯的,一般性的动作多跟V-ing,一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。1)Iliketogowithyou.我想和你一块儿去。重点!Ilikereading.我喜欢阅读。Hepromisedtohelpher.他答应过要帮助她。WelovewatchingVCD.我们喜欢看VCD。2)remember,forget,regret后面跟V-ing时,表示过去的动作,后面跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作。Iremembermeetinghiminthestreet.我记得在街上见过他。Iremembertowritealettertomyparents.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。4)meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着……Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.5)trytodo设法尽力做某事trydoing试着做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.