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(十二)状语从句一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有when，while，as，before，after，whenever，till，until，since，once等。1.when除了作“当……时候”解之外，还有“那时(突然)，这时(突然)”之意，常用于下列句式：was/weredoing...when...“正……突然……”；was/wereaboutto/goingtodo...when...“正要……突然……”；hadjustdone...when...“刚……突然就……。”Wewereabouttosetoffonourwaywhenitsuddenlybegantorain.另外，when还可作“既然”解，引出原因状语从句。Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.2.before除译为“在……之前”外，还可译为“还未……就……”；“不到……就……”；“……才……”；“趁着还没……就……”；“还没来得及……就……”等。Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。BeforeIcouldgetinaword，hehadmeasuredme.我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。3.辨析before和sincebefore可构成句型：“itwill(not)be...before...”和“itwas(not)...before...”，意为“多久之后才……”。Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.ItwassometimebeforeIrealizedtheimportanceofit.since可构成句型：“Itis/hasbeen...since...”，意为“做某事已有多久了；已有多久没做某事了。”ItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.我不吸烟有三年了。ItisthreeyearssinceIbegantosmoke.我吸烟有三年了。4.辨析while和aswhile和as都可译为“在……期间；正当……时”，表示主句中的动作和从句中的动作同时发生。但while从句中的谓语动词通常是持续性动词，而as从句中的谓语动词既可是持续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。Pleasedon’ttalksoaloudwhileothersareworking.Hehurriedhome，lookingbehindashewent.【注】as还可译为“随着”，表示事态或状况的变化或发展过程。Astheyearswentby，hishairturnedgrey.另外，justas是固定搭配，意为“正当……时”。Justashewasleavinghishouse，thetelephonerang.while有时可译为“而，却”，表示上下文的转折对比关系。Helikespopmusic，whileIamfondoffolkmusic.while还有“虽然”之意，引出让步状语从句。WhileIunderstandyourviewpoint，Idon’tagreewithyou.虽然我理解你的观点，但我不同意。5.当表达“一……就……”之意时，可用assoonas，immediately，directly，themoment，theminute等引出状语从句，还可用nosooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...等句型。ThemomentIheardthevoice，Iknewfatherwascoming.Wehadnosoonerarrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.6.短语everytime，eachtime，nexttime，thefirsttime，anytime，bythetime等也可引导时间状语从句。Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble，hewouldcometohelpmeout.每次我陷入困境时，他就会来帮助我。二、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有where，wherever等。ThechurchwasbuiltwheretherehadoncebeenaRomantemple.这座教堂建在一罗马寺庙的旧址上。Thethreadbreakswhereitisweakest.线从最弱的地方断。三、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，since等。AsIhadacold，Iwasabsentfromschool.因为我得了感冒，我缺课了。此外，now(that)，seeing(that)，considering(that)，given(that)等短语也可引导原因状语从句。Nowthatyouareallhere，let’stryandreachadecision.既然你们都在这儿，咱们就设法作出一个决定。Consideringhe’sonlybeenlearningEnglishayear，hespeaksitverywell.考虑到他学英语才一年，他讲得很好了。四、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless等。Ifyouhavefinishedyourhomework，youcangooutandplay.You’llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.【注】条件状语从句中通常不用将来时态，要用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时，一般过去时或过去完成时代替过去将来时。另外，so/aslongas(只要)，incase(万一……的话)，onconditionthat(假如；在……条件下)，suppose/supposing(that)(假设)，provided/providing(that)(倘若；在……条件下)等也可引导条件状语从句。Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart，youwillsucceed.Incaseanythingimportanthappens，pleasecallmeup.I’llcomeonconditionthatmyparentsareinvited，too.五、让步状语从句1.引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：although，though，as，eventhough，evenif。Theywillstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.【注】although和though不可与but连用，但可与yet，still或nevertheless连用。Althoughitwasraininghard，yettheywentonplayingfootball.2.whether...or...可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是……还是……；不论是否……”。You’llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryouarefreeorbusy.不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个典礼。3.whatever，whoever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever等与nomatterwhat/who/which...等亦可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……；无论……。Howeverfaritis，Iintendtodrivetheretoday.Thequalitywillbethesame，whicheverofthemyouchoose.六、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有：as，asif，asthough等。Doasyouaretoldto，oryou’llbefired.请按照要求去做，否则你会被开除。【注】(just)as...so...是一常用句型，意为“正如……那样，……也一样”；有时so分句中可用倒装语序。JustastheAmericanslikebaseball，sotheBritishlikesoccer.就像美国人喜欢棒球一样，英国人喜欢足球。七、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat，inorderthat，forfearthat，incase等。I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeforfearthathisfathershouldseehim.Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains.八、结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：sothat，so...that...，such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略。Iwascaughtinashower，sothatallmyclothesgotwet.Itwassodarkthathecouldn’tseethefacesofhiscompanions.Heissuchamarvelousjokerthatyoucan’thelplaughing.过关落实1.________hehadnothurthisleg，Johnwouldhavewontherace.A.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.When解析：if引导条件状语从句。答案：A2.I’dliketostudylawatuniversity________mycousinprefersgeography.A.thoughB.asC.whileD.for解析：连词while表示转折，意思是“而，可是”。答案：C3.Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths________hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.that解析：“Itis/was/willbe＋一段时间＋before”译为“多长时间之后才……”。答案：B4.________Ireallydon’tlikeart，Ifindhisworkimpressive.A.AsB.SinceC.IfD.While解析：while引导让步状语从句，译为“尽管”；as虽可引导让步状语从句，但从句须倒装。答案：D5.Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterview________youhaveconfidence.A.beforeB.onceC.untilD.though解析：once引导条件状语从句，译为“一旦”。答案：B6.Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice，________theyknewittobevaluable.A.asifB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.sothat解析：“eventhough”means“evenif”，引导让步状语从句。答案：C7.Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse________thereisapowercut.A.ifB.unlessC.incaseD.sothat解析：incase“以防，万一”引导条件状语从句。答案：C8.“Youcan’thavethisfootballback______youpromisenottokickitatmycatagain，”theoldmansaidfirmly.A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.until解析：not...until意为“直到……才……”。答案：D9.JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada，________thiswasamemoryshe