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11、英语句子成分讲解及练习句子成分由词、词组或句子（从句）充当英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）1.Thesun│rose.2.Who│cares?3.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.4.They│talkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepen│writessmoothly二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner│smells│good.3.Everything│looks│different.4.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.5.Ourwell│hasgone│dry.6.Hisface│turned│red.三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.4.He│said，│Goodmorning.5.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.2.He│brought│you│adictionary.3.I│showed│him│mypictures.4.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.5.He│showed│me│howtorunthemachine.五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）1.Thewarmadehimasoldier.2.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.3.Ioftenfindhimatwork.4.Theteacheraskedthestudentstoclosethewindows.5.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.2（一）英语句子成分基础练习(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.ABCD②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCD③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCD④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCD⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCD⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.3ABCD⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.ABCD⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.ABCD⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.ABCD⑩Theydidn'tknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.ABC(四)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCD②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCD③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCD④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCD⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，译为‘……的’。可以作定语的有：数词、形容词性物主代词、形容词、副词、名词、介词结构、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句。(五)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCD②Whatisyourgivenname?ABCD③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCD④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCD⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!ABCD宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词，过去分词。4(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.ABCD②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCD③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.ABCD④TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCD⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?ABCD状语为修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等(七)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.ABCD②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.ABCD③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABCD④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.ABCD⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.ABCD⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.ABCD⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.ABCD⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.ABCD(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?*同位语（appositive）同位语是句子成分。英语中同位语的定义或作用是：对某个名词进行解析说明详细化。也就是说这个名词和解析它的内容是同等地位，表达内容相同的。如:WeChineseareverysmart.5英语句子成分基础练习答案(一)①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo(二)①B②A③C④A⑤C⑥C⑦D⑧C⑨A⑩A(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B⑥D⑦C⑧D⑨A⑩D(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B⑥D(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D⑥B(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A⑥D⑦C⑧D(八)①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语