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1电机学双语——名词中英文对照总结原著：杜锦华记录者：张松涛2016.1.1注：版权及最终解释权归杜锦华老师所有，本人仅仅把照的ppt记录成了word的形式，仅供310班同学学习使用，请勿上传到互联网，谢谢合作。部分名词及答案由于老师翻页过快，本人没能照全，是通过查阅课本和Google翻译自行补充的。如若内容出现错误，还请原谅。同时祝大家新年快乐~--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------直流电机DCmachines/directcurrent发电机/电动机generator/motor-electricalpower/mechanicalpower1.1原理principle磁场magneticfield感应电势inducedvoltage/emf(electromotiveforce)电磁转矩electromagnetictorque/force磁势mmf(magnetomotiveforce)1.2结构structure定子stator主磁极mainpole励磁绕组fieldwinding补偿绕组compensatingwinding换向极interpole电刷brush(几何中心线q轴-magneticneutralplane)转子rotor电枢绕组armaturewinding换向器commutator1.3电枢绕组winding/coilgroup/coil/turn/conductor-closetype双层doublelayer单层singlelayer波绕组wave叠绕组lap极距polepitch线圈节距coilpitch整距fullpitch短距shortpitch绕组节距windingpitch/firstpitch/secondpitch/synthesizedpitch/commutatorpitch2串联支路数parallelbranch(2a)1.4额定值ratings额定电压/功率/电流/转速/励磁电压/效率ratedvoltage/power/current/speed/excitationvoltage/efficiency2.1励磁方式excitationmode自励selfexcited并励shunt串励series复励compounded加cumulatively差differentially电枢电流armaturecurrent励磁电流field/exciting/magnetizingcurrent输入/输出电流input/outputcurrent2.2空载noload负载load满载fullload增加increase减少decrease电枢反应armaturereaction增磁magnetizing去磁demagnetizing电枢反应磁势armaturemmf励磁磁势fieldmmf三角波triangularwave马鞍形波saddlewave磁阻reluctance饱和saturation/unsaturation弱磁fluxweakening2.4感应电势inducedvoltage2.5电压平衡方程式voltageequation端电压terminalvoltage电阻压降voltagedroponresistance电刷接触压降brushcontactvoltagedrop2.6转矩平衡方程式torqueequation空载阻转矩no-loadtorque输入转矩inputtorque转动惯量momentofinertia稳态steadystate瞬态transient2.7损耗loss机械损耗mechanicalloss铁损ironloss励磁损耗excitationloss3铜损copperloss电磁功率electromagneticpower输入功率inputpower输出功率outputpower3.1空载特性open-circuit外特性terminal陡steep缓slow电压调整率voltageregulation4.1电动机启动starting直接启动underratedvoltage降压启动reducedvoltage串电阻启动starter(rheostat(变阻器))4.2工作特性operatingcharacteristics4.3外特性/机械特性externalcharacteristics/mechanicalcharacteristics4.6负载特性恒转矩constanttorque泵类pumping恒功率constantpower4.7稳定运行stableoperation4.8调速调压voltagecontrol调励磁fieldcontrol调电枢绕组armatureresistance4.9制动braking能耗energyconsumption反接reverselyconnected回馈energyfeedback4.10换向commutation变压器transformer5.1原理principle5.2分类电力power测量instrument隔离isolation脉冲pulse双绕组doublewindings三绕组threewindings自耦autotransformer升压boost降压buck/step-down5.3结构铁芯core铁芯柱leg轭yoke芯式coretype壳式shelltype铁芯截面crosssection4高压绕组highvoltage低压绕组lowvoltage原边primary副边secondary5.5额定值额定容量ratedcapacity相电压/电流phase线电压/电流line匝比turnsratio电压比voltageratio有功active无功reactive视在apparent6.1空载noload/opencircuit主磁通mainflux漏磁通linkageflux正弦sinusoidal滞后lagging超前leading有效值rms幅值amplitude电感inductance电阻resistance电抗reactance电容capacitance阻抗impedance向量图phasordiagram等效电路equivalentcircuit励磁电流fieldcurrent励磁阻抗excitingimpedance6.2负载6.3等效变换transformationT-型等效电路图T-shape近似等效电路approximate简化simplified6.4参数确定空载试验open-circuit短路试验short-circuit短路阻抗shortcircuitimpedance阻抗电压impedancevoltage标幺值per-unit6.5电压调整率负载率(系数)loadfactor(coefficient)6.6损耗效率7.1芯式coretype组式banktype中柱middlecolumn旁柱nextcolumn7.2联结组别connections(label)绕线方向wounddirection钟时序法clockmethod绕线连接图wiringdiagram向量图phasordiagram7.3励磁电流和感应电势尖峰波peaky/peaked平顶波flatheaded三次谐波3rdharmonic7.4并联paralleloperation环流circularcurrent7.5不对称运行unbalanced/asymmetricaloperation5对称分量法symmetricalcomponentmethod相序phasesequence相位phaseangle变换/反变换inversetransformation中线neutralline8.1自耦变压器抽头tap电磁容量electromagneticcapacity传导容量conductioncapacity8.2测量变压器instrumenttransformer电流互感器currenttransformer电压互感器potentialtransformer