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非谓语不定式（todo)分词动名词（-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)看作形容词•什么叫非谓语动词？...不单独作谓语的动词•开玩笑，动词不做谓语？.......那还能做什么？e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.非谓语动词还有什么职业可做？动词不定式的基本形式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoing\tohavebeendoing\逻辑主语不定式动作语态时态语态不定式时态语态例句•Sheispleased______(hear)thebirdssingingeverymorning.•I'mglad__________(see)yourmotheryesterday.•Thingsseem_________(go)smoothly.•Heseems_____________(sit)thereallday.•Youare________________(congratulate)nextweekend.•Itisagoodthingforhim________________(criticize)lastnight.主动，一般式主动，完成式主动，进行式主动，完成进行式被动，一般式被动，完成式toheartohaveseentobegoingtohavebeensittingtobecongratulatedtohavebeencriticized不定式的功能用法•Todosuchthingsisfoolish.•I’mpreparingtotaketheexaminationnextweek.•Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.•WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.•I'malwaysthefirstpersontogettotheoffice.•Tomakefriendseasily,youneedtobefriendly.主语宾补表语定语状语宾语做宾语补足语，不加to•一感feel•二听listento,hear•三让let,make,have•四看见see,observe,watch,notice•半帮助help•eg.Hehelpsme(to)watertheflowerseveryday.Summary•不定式的基本形式•功能与用法•做宾补不加to动名词(-ing)---一种名词•Travelinginspacewillbecommoninthefuture.•Idon'tlikesmoking.•aflyingmachine•Herfirstdelightwasgoingtothemuseum.主语宾语定语表语aswimmingpoolasleepingbaby要做什么表示状态，是形容词=ababywhoissleeping现在分词(-ing)doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone•Not________heraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.•___________hardallday,Iwenttobedearly.•Thearea__________iscalledanarchaeologicalsite.•Walkingup,Iseethateverythingisok.•Slowingdown,IlookaroundandIamsoamazed.Havingworkedbeingstudiedknowing现在分词功能和用法•Herjobiswriting.•Consideringyourhealth,you'dbetterhavearest.•Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.•Icouldhearthebirdssinginginthetree.表语状语定语宾语补足语非谓语动词----过去分词（-ed)•anhonoredguest（表被动）•fallenleaves(表完成）•Thecitiesarecrowded.•Aliarcan'tmakehimselfbelieved.•Seenfromabove,theoldtownisbeautiful.定语表语宾语补足语状语注意：用分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致的，否则，就应使用状语从句，调整句子的主语,独立主格结构，或with的复合结构．例如：（１）Givenmorehelp,theprojectwillbecompletedearlier.改:Ifwearegivenmorehelp,theprojectwillbecompletedearlier.(状语从句)Givenmorehelp,wewillcompletetheprojectearlier.（调整主语）(2)Brokenhisleg,hecouldn’tgotoschool.改:Hislegbroken,hecouldn’tgotoschool.（独立主格结构）Hecouldn’tgotoschoolwithhislegbroken.（with的复合结构）(F)(F)非谓语动词--独立主格结构•作状语•两个主语，分家了。。。•Lifeislikerunningwater,flowingawaynevertoreturn.•Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.•Hislegbroken,hecouldn’tgotoschool.•Thelecture___,alivelyquestioned-and-answersessionfollewed.•A.beinggivenB.havinggivenC.havingbeengivenC分词独立主格结构一般放在句首或句尾，做状语表示时间，原因，方式等．例如：Themeetingbeingover,theywenthome.(时间)Motherbeingillinbed,hecouldn’tgotowork.（原因）Timepermitting,Ishallstayhereforanothertwodays．（条件）therebe的非谓语形式1)theretobe:做宾语（expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate,etc.)和介词for的宾语Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere.Itiscommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.2）therebeing做状语和介词宾语（除了for）Therebeingnoclasses,theydecidedtohaveapicnic.Johnwasrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity.1.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing2._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk3.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire________allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned4.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned5.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth______asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingreadCBCAC6.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself____.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard7.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET9239)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived8.___fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewhetherhegoes.A.SufferedBSufferingCHavingsufferedDBeingsuffered9.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_____behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied10.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowedDCCDB11.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.growingD.togrow12.The___boyswerelastseen____neartheriver.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay13.Mr.Smith,___ofthespeech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boringAAA14.Thepicture___onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghungB15.Thesalesmanscoldthegirlcaught___andletheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealingD_____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.AWhencomparedBTocompareCWhilecomparingDItcomparedThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_____AthethiefhavingcaughtBcatchthethiefCthethiefbeingcaughtDthethieftobecaught-----Ihatetalkingwiththatguy.Look,heiscoming.WhatshouldIdo?-----Don’tspeakuntil_______.AspeakingBspokentoCspokenDspeakingtoUnless______tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvitedFriendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan______AkeptBtobekeptCkeepingDbeingkeptTheprofessorenteredthelab,______bytwoassistants.A