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Unit5WaterModule3Naturalelements自主预习一、根据汉语写出英文单词1.旅程(n.)___________________2.数量(n.)___________________3.形成(v.)___________________4.实验(n.)___________________5.化学品(n.)___________________6.淡的；无盐的(adj.)___________________7.通过；穿过(prep.)___________________8.宝贵的(adj.)___________________9.继续(v.)___________________10.嗓音；说话声(n.)___________________11.归还（v.）___________________12.银行（n.）___________________journeyquantityformexperimentchemicalfreshthroughvaluablecontinuevoicereturnbank二、根据汉语写出下列词组1.关掉_________________2.把……加入……_________________3.有点；一点_________________4.由……组成_________________5.干涸_________________6.……的一部分_________________7.（父母给孩子的）零花钱_________________turnoffadd...to...abit(be)madeupofdryuppartofpocketmoney三、根据汉语补全句子,每空一词1.I’m________________________________（一滴水）.2.I________________________________（穿过管道）underthestreetsandnowI’mhere.3.Peoplewill________________________（把我清理干净）again.4.___________________________________（记得不要浪费）orpolluteme.5.He________________________________________(把它还给了我妈妈).adropofwatertravelledthroughthepipesmakemecleanRemembernottowastereturnedittomymother词汇精析【1】journeyn.旅行；行程It’sabouthalfanhour’sjourney.大约半小时路程。【辨析】journey,trip,travel与tour(1)journey为普通用语，指陆地上的远程旅行。Thisneednotbetheendofthejourney.这里未必是你旅行的终点。（2）trip指有特定目的的短距离旅行，强调在路上所花的时间和所走的路程。OnThursdaywewentoutonadaytrip.周四我们出去旅行了一天。（3）travel惯用复数形式，泛指到各地旅行，表示旅行的路途远、时间长。Travelgivesusaworthyandimprovingpleasure.旅行给予我们一种高尚有益的快乐。（4）tour指途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览。Thebandwillbegoingontour.这个乐队将要进行巡回演出。【应用】(1)AtfirstIwasafraidthelong___________wouldbetoomuchforher.(2)Wewentonaguided___________ofItalythatincludedstopsatMilan,Venice,FlorenceandRome.(3)Igotoworkbytrain,andthe___________takesme40minutes.(4)The___________ofMarcoPoloisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatIhaveeverread.journeytourtripTravels【2】voicen.嗓音；说话声Iknowherbyhervoice.我凭说话声知道是她。【拓展】（1）inalow/loudvoice小声说/大声说Hespokeinalowvoice,alwayswithoutinflection.他低声说话，总是声调平平，无抑扬变化。（2）atthetopofone’svoice声嘶力竭地；大声地Shesuddenlycriedoutatthetopofhervoice.她突然声嘶力竭地叫起来。【辨析】voice,sound与noise(1)voice主要指人讲话或唱歌的声音，是可数名词。Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,ourmonitorspokeinaloudvoice,“Standup!”老师走进教室时，我们班长大声喊:“起立！”（2）sound指一般情况下，各种能听到的声音。Peterheardthesoundofgunfire.彼得听见了枪炮声。（3）noise主要指大声的、令人不愉快的声音，尤指噪音。Thenoiseoftraffickepthimawake.车辆的喧闹声使他睡不着。【应用】(1)The__________wakesmeup．(2)Theteacheropenedthedoorwithouta__________.(3)Heansweredthequestioninalow__________.noisesoundvoice【3】addv.增加；添加Sheaddedsugartohertea.她在茶里加了糖。【拓展】(1)addto增添；增加Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties．恶劣的天气增加了我们的负担。(2)add...to...把……加到……Headdedafewmorethingstotheshoppinglist.他在购物单上加了几样东西。(3)addupto总计达Thecostoftwotripsaddedupto1,000dollars.两次旅行的费用总计达1000美元。【应用】()Add27____23,andyouget50.A.onB.uptoC.toC【4】throughprep.通过；穿过adv.彻底；从头到尾Lettherainwaterrunthroughthispipe.让雨水从这个管道中流过。Ihavetoworkthroughthewintervacation.我整个寒假都得工作。【辨析】through与acrossthrough和across都可以表示“穿过”，但是through表示从某个空间“穿过”，across表示从物体的表面“横过”。Hewalkedthroughtheforestalone.他独自一人走过森林。Thestudentsranacrosstheplaygroundtothecanteen.学生们穿过操场跑到食堂。【应用】(1)Ourtrainpassed_________thetunnel.(2)Youshouldbecarefulwhengoing________theroad.throughacross【5】continuev.继续Shelookedupforaminuteandthencontinueddrawing.她抬头看了一会儿，然后继续画。【拓展】(1)continuesth./doingsth.相当于goonsth./doingsth.一直做（同一件事）。Icontinueddoingmyhomeworkafteransweringthephone.我接完电话继续做作业。(2)continuetodosth.相当于goontodosth.,（做完一件事）接着做另外一件事。IcontinuedtodomyMathshomeworkafterfinishingEnglish.我做完英语作业接着做数学作业。(3)continuewithsth.继续某事Iwenttomyroomtocontinuewithmypacking.我走进房间，继续打包。【应用】Ididmyhomeworkfor2hours.Afterdrinkingacupofcoffee,Icontinued_________(do)myhomework.doing【6】dropn.滴v.掉下；落下（突然降落）Itmadeusforgetthateverydropofwinewedrinkesfromclonedgrapes.它使我们忘记了我们喝的每一滴酒都来自克隆的葡萄。Hedroppedofffromhisbike.他从自行车上跌下来了。【辨析】drop,fall与sink(1)drop指物体从一定高度落下。Thefruitdroppedfromthetree.果实从树上落下。（2）fall与drop同义，指突然或猛烈地降落，但fall可指任何下落，同高度或形式无关。IfIfalldown,whatshouldIdo?如果我摔倒了，我该怎么办？（3）sink指在空气或水中垂直下降、下沉。Theboatwasbeginningtosinkfast.那艘船开始快速下沉。【应用】（1）我感到有两滴雨落在了我的脸颊上。Ifelt________________________rainonmyface.（2）那个男孩突然从树上掉下来。Suddenly，theboy____________________thetree.twodropsofdropped/fellfrom【7】turnoffv.关掉；关闭Ifso,youcanturnoffthealarms.如果是这样，你可以关闭警报。【拓展】（1）turnon=switchon，拧开（电器）；打开（水源、煤气、电源等）Pleaseturnontheradio.请把收音机打开。（2）turnoff=switchoff，关掉（电器）；关上（水源、煤气、电源等）HaveyouturnedofftheTV?你关电视了吗？（3）turnup调高（音量或热度）Iturnedthevolumeup.我把音量调大了。（4）turndown调低（音量或热度）Hekeptturningthecentralheatingdown.他不断地调低中央暖气系统的温度。【应用】（1）你能把电视声音调低一点吗？Canyou________________theTVabit?（2）当你离开房间时要关灯。________________thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.turndownTurnoff【8】changen.找给的零钱；变化v.改变；交换Hegothischangeandleft.他拿着找回的零钱离开了。Wecan’tchangethepast.我们无法改变过去。【应用】你看到这所学校的变化了吗？（汉译英）Doyouseethe____________oftheschool?changes【9】（be）madeupof由……组成Thepanyismadeupoftendepartments.这个公司由10个部门组成。【辨析】bemadeupof与bemadeinto(1)bemadeupof用……构成(或组成)的。指人、物皆可，指其结构成分。Ourgroupismadeupofsixstudents.我们小组由6名学生组成。（2）bemadeinto被制成……。Thematerialwillbemadeintoadress.这块料子是要做成一件连衣裙的。【应用】（）Thisprogrammeismadeupoffivedifferentparts.（选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项）A.takesinB.fo