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Unit2CloningWordsandexpressions单词详解1.differvi.不同，相异differfrom不同于….differin…在…方面不同differwithsb.on/over/aboutsth.与某人在某事上意见相左n.difference不同点adj.different不同的bedifferentfrom不同于…makea/nodifference(to…)(对…)有/没有影响(1)Job-sharingdiffersconventionalpart-timeworkinthatitoccursmainlyinthemorehighlyskilledandprofessionalareas.(2)Itisimportanttoknowaboutthecultural(differ)thatmaycauseproblems.(3)Oftenlookingatyourdailybehaviorfroma(differ)perspectivewillhelpyouchangeyouractionsbetter.fromdifferentdifferences2.exactadj.精确的，准确的，严谨的exactlyadv.确切地，精确地，究竟，到底tobeexact=exactlyspeaking确切地说Shehasworkedatthebankformanyyeas,ninetobeexact.她已经在银行工作了很多年，确切地说是9年。notexactly(说反话时用)根本不，决不Thisis(exact)whatreadingshouldbe.单句改错Cloningisproducingaexactcopyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.Ireadanarticleaboutpaper,tobeingexact,abouthowmuchAmericansuseupeachyear.exactly第一个a改为anbeing改为be3.undertakevt.着手,从事,承担,负责,承诺（undertook，undertaken）undertakesth.承担/负责/从事某事todosth.承诺/答应做某事that承诺/答应…….(1)(undertake)thetask,youmustbereadytosufferfromhardship.(2.)Theproject(undertake)bytheyoungengineeronhisownturnedouttobeverysuccessful.(3)Tojointheclub,youhavetoundertake[](buy)atleastsixbooksayear.Undertakingundertakentobuy6.payoff得到好结果；取得成功；(不及物动词词组)①Mypersistencefinallypaidoffwhentheycalledmeinforaninterview.我的坚持终于有了收获，他们打来电话要我参加面试了。偿清，付清，遣散（及物动词词组）②Whatmadehimhappywasthatafteralltheseyearsheatlast.使他高兴的是多年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。paidoffallhisdebts特别提醒：payoff表示‘得到回报’时，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词做主语；表示‘偿清’时，用人做主语。拓展：payback还钱，报复payfor支付…的钱，为…付出代价1.Theathlete’syearsofhardtrainingpaid[]whenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.2.Hehadtoteachschoolinordertopay[]hiseducation.3.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpay[]freedom.4.---Dad,Idon’tthinkOlivertherightsortofpersonforthejob.----Isee.I’llgorightawayand.A.payhimbackB.payhimoffC.payhimawayD.puthimoffoffforoffB5.breakthroughn.[c]突破，重大进展makeabreakthrough取得突破性进展breakthrough是由短语breakthrough转化而来的合成名词。类似的单词有：breakdown出故障----breakdownn.故障breakout爆发-----outbreakn.爆发putout生产，制造---outputn.产量，输出量comeout出现，结果是----outcomen.结果，效果6.castdown使失望；使沮丧(常用于被动结构)(1)be/feelcastdown感到沮丧(2)castvt.(cast,cast)扔；投；掷castavote投票castaglanceat向……瞧了瞧castaglanceat向……瞧了瞧castaway扔掉；浪费；放弃；(船难时)丢下人①Don'tbesocastdown.Justkeepupyourspirits!不要这么沮丧，打起精神来。②Assoonastheyreachedthefishingarea,thefishermenintothesea.渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。③Ifyouwereonadesertedisland,whatwouldyoumissmost?如果你被丢在一座荒岛上，你最想念什么？casttheirnetscastaway7.objectionn.反对，异议，反对的理由Greydecidedtomovetothecountrysideandhiswifemadenoobjectionstoit.raiseanobjectiontosth.对某事提出异议havean/noobjectiontodoingsth.反对/不反对做某事Ihaveastrongobjectiontosmokinginpublic,especiallywithfemalespresent.objectvi.反对，不赞成objecttosb/sth反对某人/不赞成某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事objectthat…反对…..objectn.物体What’sthatdarkobjectlyinginthestreet?目标，目的What’syourobjectindoingthat?对象anobjectofstudyobjectiveadj.客观的(1)Ihavenoobjectionyourgoing,butyoumustpromisetocomebackbeforeten.(2)Aslongasyoucanguaranteesafetyandlowcost,wehaven’ttheslightest(object).(3)Doyouhaveanyobjectionto(change)yourworkinghours?(4)Thejournalisthadmanypicturesofthewomansecretlytakeneventhoughsheobjectedto(photograph).toobjectionchangingbeingphotographed8.obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得，赢得Theperfectbodyhasalwaysbeendifficulttoobtain.obtainsb.sth.=obtainsth.forsb.使某人得到…9.attainv.(通常指经过努力)获得，达到(某年龄、水平、状况等)attainone’sgoal达到某人的目标•区分obtain、attain、achieve、gain单词用法例句obtain(尤指经努力)获得，赢得DoyouoftenobtaininformationthroughtheInternet?attain(通常指经过努力)获得,达到(某年龄、水平、状况等)Thecheetahcanattainspeedsofupto97kph.achieve强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后,达到目标,取得成功Theyachievedsomevictoriesdespitethesesetbacks.gain多指付出极大努力后挣得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西，如某种利益、好处、经验等；还表示增加已有的东西。Ourschoolhasgainedagoodreputation.①Thepublisherisresponsiblefor(obtain)thenecessarypermissiontoreproduceillustrations.②Theinformation(obtain)fromtheInternetisnotalwaystrue,soweshouldbecarefultocheckthefactswefindonwebsites.③Mostofourstudents(attain)five‘As’intheirexamslastterm.④Childrenofbelowaverageintelligencecansometimeshighstandardsintaskswhichinterestthem.A.acceptB.attainC.keepD.receiveobtainingobtainedattainedB10.forbidvt.(forbade,forbidden)禁止，不准forbidsb.sth.不准某人….forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事Thisplaceusedtoforbidparkingcarsandbikes.这个地方曾经禁止停放汽车和自行车。forbid和ban区别forbidsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.todosth.(上级对下级,长辈对晚辈等)bansb.fromdoingsth.(用法律、舆论等禁止)①Weforbid(smoke)here.Whohaspermittedyou(smoke)here?②Hewasforbidden(leave)thehouse,asapunishment.③InsomeMiddleEasterncountries,exposingyourflesh(forbid),especiallyifyouareawoman.smokingtosmoketoleaveisforbidden11.infavourof赞成；支持(和for同义，其反义词为against)①Somepeopleareinfavouroftheplanwhileothersobjecttoit.一些人同意这个计划，而另一些人却反对它。insb.'sfavour对某人有利dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.帮某人的忙askafavourofsb.求人帮一个忙；求人做某事favouriten.喜欢的事物；adj.最喜爱的②Thereisnodenyingthattheexchangerateistoday.不可否认今天的兑换率对我们有利。③Canyoudomeafavour(＝)tocarrytheboxupstairs?你能帮忙把这个箱子提到楼上去吗？inourfavourdoafavourforme12.owe(1)vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)owesb.sth.(forsth.)=owesth.tosb.(forsth.)(因某事)欠某人….Thankyouforthemagazineyouboughtforme.HowmuchdoIoweyou?谢谢您给我买来这本杂志，我该付您多少钱呢？(2)vt.归功