北京市首钢环境污染现状及风险评价研究

北京市首钢环境污染现状及风险评价研究重庆大学硕士学位论文(学术学位)学生姓名：谢文华指导教师：李楠副教授专业：供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程学科门类：工学重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院二O一四年五月ResearchonEnvironmentPollutionandRiskAssessmentofShougangBeijingAThesisSubmittedtoChongqingUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheMaster’sDegreeofMunicipalEngineeringByXiewenhuaSupervisedbyAss.Prof.LiNanMajor:Heating,Gassing,VentilatingandAir-ConditioningEngineeringFacultyofUrbanConstructionandEnvironmentalEngineeringofChongqingUniversity,ChongqingChinaMay,2014中文摘要I摘要现代经济的不断发展迫使传统工业的转型越来越快，其中钢铁工业也需要从原来的粗放型生产转变为集约型生产，原有的钢铁企业选择搬迁到新厂区，老厂区的重新利用则需要考虑到其场地的污染程度是否达到人体的健康要求，而场地内的空气污染就是其中重要的一项。因此本文以首钢老工业区为研究对象，于2013年7月1日至7月30日和2014年2月11日至3月10日两段时间在厂区内选择了7个测点对其空气污染物进行监测，每天测试时间为早4:00到晚21:00。结合厂区内的主要气体污染物排放情况，监测指标定为SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5四种污染物，通过监测数据发现过渡季节和夏季的污染物浓度随时间的走势图具有不同的规律，夏季4种污染物浓度每天9:00至12:00期间会达到浓度峰值，而早晚浓度值较低。过渡季节SO2和NO2的浓度在早上9:00左右和晚上都会出现浓度的峰值，而PM10和PM2.5的浓度值从早到晚有缓步上升的趋势。为了解首钢老工业区内的整体空气质量情况，文章选用了模糊综合评判方法对厂区内7个测点及这些测点的平均值（场地整体空气质量）进行了空气质量评价，模糊综合评价结果显示夏季场地内整体空气质量达到Ⅱ级，SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5四种污染物的隶属度分别为26%、75%、44%和95%，过渡季节场地内整体空气质量也达到Ⅱ级，SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5四种污染物的隶属度分别为22%、32.5%、77%和45%。了解场地内的综合污染状况后，文章通过多因素方差分析法分析各个污染物的可能影响因素，分析发现场地内过渡季节SO2浓度的影响因素为SO2大气环境背景值和风速，NO2浓度的影响因素为NO2大气环境背景值，PM10浓度的影响因素为PM10大气环境背景值，PM2.5没有发现相应的影响因素对其有显著影响。最后通过回归分析方法对SO2和NO2建立了回归模型。关键词：钢铁，老工业，空气污染，评价，方差分析重庆大学硕士学位论文II英文摘要IIIABSTRACTThecontinuousdevelopmentofmoderneconomyforcingfastertransformationoftraditionalindustries.Ironandsteelindustryneedstochangeextensiveproductionfromtheoriginaltointensiveproduction.Theoriginalsteelcompanieshavetorelocatetothenewplant.There-useoftheoldfactoryneedtotaketheenvironmentpollutionintoaccountincasethatithasabadeffectwithpeople'shealth.Airpollutionwithinthesiteisakindofimportantpollution.ThispaperconsidersShougangoldindustrialareaasastudycase.SometestsareperformedfromJuly1sttoJuly30thin2013andfromFebruary11sttoMarch10thin2014.Thetestscontinuefrom4:00to21:00everyday.7pointsarechoosedtomonitorairpollution.MonitoringindicatorsarechoosedtobeSO2，NO2，PM10andPM2.5，combinedwiththeregion'smainplantemissionsofgaseouspollutants.Thepollutantconcentrationdatahasdifferentlawsbetweenthetransitionseasonandsummer.Thefourkindsofpollutantconcentrationswillreachthepeakconcentrationfrom9:00to12:00everydayinsummer.Theyhavelowerconcentrationvaluesduringtherestoftheday.SO2andNO2concentrationwillreachthepeakataround9:00amandintheeveningintransitionseason.TheconcentrationofPM10andPM2.5hasaslowlyrisingtrendfrommorningtonightintransitionseason.InordertounderstandtheoverallairqualityofShougangoldindustrialareas,thearticleselectsfuzzycomprehensiveevaluationmethodtoassesstheairqualityofthe7measuringpointsandtheirmeanvalueinthisregion.FuzzycomprehensiveevaluationresultsshowthattheoverallairqualityinsummergetsgradeⅡ.ThefuzzymembershipofSO2,NO2,PM10andPM2.5are26%,75%,44%and95%.TheoverallairqualityinthetransitionseasonhasalsoreachedgradeⅡ.ThefuzzymembershipofSO2,NO2,PM10andPM2.5are22%,32.5%,77%and45%.Aftercomprehensiveunderstandingoftheaircontamination,theauthorofthearticleanalyzedthepossiblefactorsthatmayaffecteachairpollutantbymultivariateanalysisofvariance.TheresultsshowthattheatmosphericbackgroundvalueofSO2andwindspeedaffectstheSO2concentrationinthisareaintransitionseason.TheatmosphericbackgroundvalueofNO2andPM10affectstheNO2andPM10重庆大学硕士学位论文IVconcentrationseparatelyinthisareaintransitionseason.Theresultsdidn’tfindanyfactorscorrespondingwiththePM2.5concentrationinthisarea.Finally,theregressionmodelsofSO2andNO2arebuiltbyregressionanalysismeathod.Keywords:IronandSteel,OldIndustry,AirPollution,Assessment,VarianceAnalysis目录V目录摘要.........................................................................................................................IABSTRACT................................................................................................................III目录........................................................................................................................V1绪论.....................................................................................................................11.1课题研究背景及意义.........................................................................................11.2国内外现状研究综述.........................................................................................31.2.1国外研究现状.........................................................................................31.2.2国内研究现状.........................................................................................61.3本文研究目的、内容、技术线路........................................................................91.3.1研究目的................................................................................................91.3.2研究内容................................................................................................91.3.3技术路线...............................................................................................101.4本章小结..........................................................................................................102空气品质的评价方法................