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FightingwiththeForcesofNatureUnitOneBookFourWarm-upQuestionsWhatdoestheicydefenderreferto?TheharshRussiaWinter.WhoisNapoleon?WhoisHitler?WhatdidtheydotoRussia(orSovietUnion)?Whathappenedintheend?In1812,NapoleonBonaparteinvadedRussiainawarofconquest.Morethanacenturylater,AdolfHitlerlaunchedamassivemilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion.Bothofthemweredefeatedinthewar.TeachingPlanBackgroundKnowledgeIntroductionRemarksTextOrganizationAbstract(MainIdeaofTextA)TextExplanationBackgroundKnowledgeThroughoutthehistoryofmankind,therehavebeenmanyconquerors.ChengisKhanspenthisentirelifeconqueringneighboringpeoplesandexpandingtheMongolianEmpire.ManyRomanEmperorsdidthesamefortheRomanEmpire–somuchsothatatonetimetheyruledmodern-dayGreatBritain.BackgroundKnowledgeBoththeMongolianandRomanEmpireshadtheirriseandfallinthedistantpast.Yetifwewanttoexamineconquerors,thereisnoneedtogobackthatfar.In1812,NapoleonBonaparteinvadedRussiainawarofconquest.Morethanacenturylater,AdolfHitlerlaunchedamassivemilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion.NapoleonBonaparteAdolfHitlerIntroductoryRemarksP.2Theysaythatpridecomesbeforeafall.InthecaseofbothNapoleonandHitler,themanyvictoriestheyenjoyedledthemtobelievethatanythingwaspossible,thatnothingcouldstandintheirway.Russia’sicydefenderwastoprovethemwrong.UsefulExpressions(Introductoryremarks)骄兵必败就…而言妨碍，挡道不可阻挡战无不胜卫士冰雪卫士证明他们错了Pridecomesbeforeafall.inthecaseofasfaras…beconcernedstand/get/beinthewayNothingcouldstandintheway.Anythingispossible.defendertheicydefenderprovethemwrongTextOrganizationP.11Scanthetextandpayattentiontothesubtitles.Inthiswayyouwillhaveabetterunderstandingofthetextstructure.Thetextcanbedividedinto____parts,ascanbeeasilyseenfromthesubtitlesprovidedbytheauthor.fourTextOrganizationIntroduction+3subtitles–4partsPartOneservesasanintroduction—whilethelastpartgivesaconclusion—Part2andPart3arerespectivelyaboutBothNapoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter;Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.Napoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaignagainstRussia.MainIdeaofTextAManchangesnatureinordertolive.However,manmustalsobecarefulnottodisregardthelawsofnature.Inthistext,NapoleonandHitlerlaunchedmilitarycampaignsagainstRussia(theSovietUnion),buttheybothignoredtheraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter—theIcyDefender.Asaresult,theybothfailed.TextATheIcyDefender冰雪卫士NilaB.SmithPartOne(Paras1-2):Introduction—BothNapoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.Para.1In1812,NapoleonBonaparte,EmperoroftheFrench,ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia.HewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland.HewaspreparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow,thecapitalcity.ButhewasnotpreparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow——theraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.“ThatmethiminMoscow”isanattributiveclausemodifying“thedevastatingenemy”while“theraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter”isinappositionto“thedevastatingenemy”.Para.1LanguagePracticeHewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland.他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗.ButhewasnotpreparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow–theraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。Para.2In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launchedanattackagainsttheSovietUnion,asRussiathenwascalled.Hitler’smilitarymightwasunequaled.HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope.Hitlerexpectedashortcampaignbut,likeNapoleonbeforehim,wastaughtapainfullesson.TheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.Whatdoesthissentenceimply?TheRussianwinteratlasthelpedtheSovietsoldierstofightofftheirenemy.ItimpliesthatHitler’sRussiancampaignstillendedinfailure.Para.2LanguagePractice…launchedanattackagainsttheSovietUnion,asRussiathenwascalled.进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。Hitler’smilitarymightwasunequaled.HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope.希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。Hitlerexpectedashortcampaign…希特勒希望速战速决UsefulExpressions(Paras1–2)准备好了奋勇抵抗军事实力无比的希望速战速决得到惨痛教训助某人一臂之力bepreparedforfierceresistancemilitarymightunequaledexpectashortcampaignbetaughtapainfullessoncometotheaidofsb.MainIdeaofPart.OneBothNapoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.raw,bitter,bleakwinterPartTwo(Paras3-11):Napoleon’sCampaignNapoleon’smilitarycampaignagainstRussiaPara.3Inthespringof1812,NapoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenonthebordersofRussia.Thesoldierswerewelltrained,efficient,andwellequipped.ThismilitaryforcewascalledtheGrandArmy.Napoleon,confidentofaquickvictory,predictedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks.Itisanadjectivephrase,whichservesasanadverbialmodifier,indicatingthecause.WhatcanyouinferfromthesentenceaboutNapoleon’scharacters?Heisself-confident,buttooproud.Para.3LanguagePracticeInthespringof1812,NapoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenonthebordersofRussia.1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。Thesoldierswerewelltrained,efficient,andwellequipped.这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。Napoleon,confidentofaquickvictory,predi