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重庆大学硕士学位论文重庆市渝北区双龙湖水环境综合治理措施效果评估姓名：杨骏骅申请学位级别：硕士专业：市政工程指导教师：张智20051001中文摘要I摘要富营养化已经成为我国的重大环境问题之一，湖泊、水库等封闭水体以及某些河流水体内的氮、磷营养元素的富集，生态破坏及水质恶化现象不断出现，致使我国许多水域生态系统出现水环境质量下降，给人民生活和社会经济发展造成了巨大影响，因此引起了国家的高度重视。城市内湖由于汇水面积小，汇水量小，交换水量调节能力小；与周围环境的联系紧密，受污染风险大；生态环境较为脆弱，水体的富营养化已是较普遍的现象。从目前的富营养化水体的治理与修复实践来看，富营养化水体的治理采用单一技术的成效有限，因而富营养化治理与修复技术发展趋势是综合治理。双龙湖治理的特点在于采取了综合性措施，采用外源控制与内源控制相结合，点源控制与面源控制相结合，生态措施、工程措施与管理措施相结合的综合治理方案。本论文在对双龙湖水环境综合治理工程实施后水环境质量进行监测的基础上，较全面的分析了综合治理中各单项措施（包括：雨污水截流、水体强制补氧、湖水人工循环、岸坡绿化、植物净化床净化、底水置换和清水养鱼）的运行情况和实施效果，并对双龙湖综合治理的效果进行科学的评价，最后得到以下结论：1）实施雨污水截流引排污染源，截断向湖泊水体排放营养物质的排放源，有效的控制了外源性污染，同时通过截流雨水进行净化，为湖泊提供补给置换水源。2）在湖泊中设置活水复氧装置具有人工混合分层、增加氧的供应量和调节量，减少初级生产量等多种功能，能有效的防止和修复水体富营养化。3）湖湾水体人工循环加强了水体的相对流动，使得湖湾发生富营养化的条件遭到破坏，对湖湾处水体水质的改善作用明显，有效的控制了湖湾处水体富营养化的发生。4）岸坡绿化的实施使湖岸具有更强的涵水固土和生态净化功能，有利于改善入湖水质，使整个湖泊生态更为稳定，确保了水体水质。5）植物净化床运行情况良好，污染物负荷去除率高，去除效果稳定，具有较强的抵抗冲击负荷的能力。定期收割湿地系统中的植物，可转移系统中氮、磷，保障水体水质。6）底水置换造成水体大范围的交换流动，活化水体，同时有效降低了湖水中营养物浓度，有利于控制水体富营养化的发生。7）清水养鱼对减轻湖水的富营养化和保持水体生态有一定作用，可作为湖泊水体修复的辅助手段，通过定期的收获鱼产品可以从湖泊生态系统中移出氮、磷等营养元素，从而减轻湖水的富营养化。重庆大学硕士学位论文II8）双龙湖综合治理效果明显，在较短时间内使双龙湖水环境质量有明显改善，同时有效的抑制内源污染，使双龙湖净化后的水体水质得以长期保持。治理后双龙湖水体水质满足并优于IV类标准，年季水质动态稳定在III类和IV类之间，并且水体水质处于持续改善过程中。双龙湖的治理实践为城市湖泊水体的富营养化的防治提供了技术支撑，为我国特别是三峡库区众多的城市内湖保护和保持提供方法论和技术上的借鉴。关键词：富营养化，治理措施，效果评估，水环境，城市内湖英文摘要IIIABSTRACTEutrophicationbecomesoneofthemostsignificantenvironmentprobleminChina,NandPnutritionelementsareconcentratedinlakes,reservoirsandsamerivers,thephenomenonofzoologypollutionandwaterqualitydeteriorationappearsonebyone,thismakeswaterqualitydeteriorationinmanywaterareaszoologysystemofChina,andwhichoccurstremendousinfluencetothedemoslivingandsocialeconomydevelopment,consequentlytheproblemhasattractedChinesegovernment’smeticulousattention.Becausesmallwatercollectionarea,lowwatercapacityandmildwaterexchangeadjustabilityofurbanlakes;alsourbanlakeshaveacloserelationshipwithambience,ithasahighriskofpollution;thephenomenonofweaknesszoologyenvironmentandwaterbodyeutrophicationiscommon.Fromthepracticeofharnessandrehabingforeutrophicationwaterbody,theeffectislimitedtousesinglemethod,thereforeintegrativemethodsisthedeveloptrendstoandrehabbingofeutrophicationwaterbody.TherehabingcharacteristicofShuanglonglakeisintegrativemethods,controlledbothoutandinsidepollutionsource,alsopointandwholepollutionsourcecontrol,andcombinetheintegrativerecoveringschemeofzoologymethod,engineeringmethodandmanagementmethod.ThisarticleisbaseoninspectionofwaterqualityaftercarryingoutintegratedwaterenvironmentrecoveringengineeringtoShuanglonglake,andfullyanalysisfunctionsituationandactualeffectofeachintegrativerecoverymethod(include:sewagecutting,oxygensupplytowaterbody,lakemanualcircle,baybankplanting,plantpurifybedpurified,bottlomwaterexchangeandcleanwaterfish),alsoithasascientificevaluationtotheeffectofShuanglonglakeintegratedrehabbing,andfollowingaretheconclusions:1）Carryouttheplanofrainfallsseweragetoseparatepollutesource,stoppollutesourcetoletnutrimentalmaterialtothelake,andeffectivelycontrolledoutpollutesource,atthesametime,purifytherainfallstosupplytheexchangewatersource.2）Tosetalivewateroxygenequipmentwithmanualmixeliminationfunctioninsidethewater,inordertoincreaseoxygensupplyquantityandadjustability,ithasfunctionofreducingprimarycapacity,andeffectivepreventandrecoverwaterfromeutrophication.3）Lakewaterbodymanualcircleispropitioustocomparativelyflows,andbreak重庆大学硕士学位论文IVtheconditionofeutrophication,ithasanobviouseffectonimprovingthebaywaterbodyquality,anditalsoeffectivelycontrolledeutrophicationofbaywaterbody.4）Baybankplantingredoundtokeepwaterandearth,alsoithasafunctionofzoologypurify,itispropitioustoamelioratelakewaterquality,makesthewholelakezoologymuchmorestableandinsurethequalityofwaterbody.5）Plantingpurifybedworkswell,contaminationiseffectivelycleanedoff,andtheeffectisstable,italsohasaformidableabilityofresistimpulsionload.PeriodicallyharvestplantfromwetlandsystemwilldistractNandPfrom,andkeepthequalityofwaterbody.6）Exchangebottomwaterwillhelplarge-scaleofwatermovement,activelythewaterbody,andatthesametimethethicknessofnutrimentisdecreased,alsoitiseasytocontroleutrophicationofwaterbody.7）Cleanwaterfishhaseffectonreducinglakewatereutrophicationandkeepingwaterbodyzoology,anditcoulduseasaassistantmethodtorecoverlakewaterbody,PeriodicallycollectfishfromlakewilldistractNandPandmitigateeutrophication.8）TheintegratedrecovereffectofShuanglonglakeisobviously,thewaterqualityoftheShuanglonglakehasavisiblychangeatashortperiodoftime,atthesametime,innerpollutesourceiscontrolledeffectively,andthismakesthewaterbodyqualityofShuanglonglakeisguaranteedforlong-termperiod.TheintegratedrecoveringforShuanglonglakezoology,seekstheintegratedrecovertechniqueofurbanlake,fromwhichwefindtherecovermethodsandmultiplepracticalitytechnique,alsowecouldfindaeffectiveintegratedrecovertechniqueforeutrophicationofwaterbody,thissupplyatechniquesupportforurbanlakeeutrophicationofwaterbody,anditoffersamethodologyandtechnicalreferencefornumerousurbanlakesofTheGorgesReservoirareas.Keywords：Eutrophication,RemedyingMethod,EffectEvaluat