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宾语从句TheObjectClause1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）宾语从句的概念：在复合句中放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句三要素：一、引导词二、语序:陈述语序（主语+谓语）三、时态四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、宾语从句的反意疑问句六、否定转移一、引导词that从句是陈述句(口语中常省略）if/whether（是否）从句是一般疑问句wh/how(即特殊疑问词)从句是特殊疑问句Weknow（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether;是肯定语气，用that.一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小时后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)______________________.（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.If/whether（是否）的区别一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.②在介词后：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.③与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.④做主语从句：Whetherheisrightisn’timportant.3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked__________________________________.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）6.Couldyoutellme______________________.（我该怎么去车站）7.Wouldyoutellme_________________（为什么火车迟到了）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Iwonder_______heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when6.Haveyoufoundout______wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_______shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whetherBABD二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态,或祈使句（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.1.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)2.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundthesun.3.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)4.LingFengtoldmehe_________toShanghaiseveraltimes.(be)5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)6.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)wrotemoveshastakenhadbeenrisesdid三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例如：Wheredoeshelive?Idon’tknow.=Idon’tknowwherehelives.1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?4.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?They’renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.They’renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.1.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?Doyouknow?2.Mr.SmithhavebeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.JimtoldLinTao.Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?JimtoldLinTao(that)MrSmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?Pleasetellme.4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Ourteachertoldusinyesterday’sclass.PleasetellmewhichbookIs