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TheJapanesegovermenthowtodealwithanearthquake日本人应对FromA8group3beforeearthquake地震前•Thegovernment'sfinancialinvestment•政府的财政投入Everyyear,theJapanesegovernmentfortheearthquakefiscalspendingaccontsforqiuteaproportionofthetotalamountoffinances.Ifthisyearearthquakedisaster,thisproportionwillincreasegreatlyaccordingtothesituation日本政府每年用于地震的财政支出占财政总额的相当比重。如果该年份发生地震灾害，这一比重会根据灾情大大增加。Theusualpreventiondrill平时的预防演练图为“防灾日”全国进行地震演练出色的抗震式建筑SeismicbuildingexcellentWidelyusedinhigh-risebuildingsinJapanBasedontheoperationofisolationandearthquake,installedatthebottomofthebuildingElasticrubberpad,orslidingfrictionDynamicbearingseatbufferistoresistShock.Intheabove6levelearthquakeWhenborn,theprotectingdevicecanhelpThestructureofthereducedbyhalf.日本高层建筑普遍采用地基与地震隔绝术说就是在建筑的底部安装弹性橡胶垫，或者摩擦滑动承重座缓冲装来抵抗地震。在6级以上的地震发生时，这种保护装置能使建筑物的受力减少一半。（右图为日本蚕茧大厦）Ontheotherhand,inordertoimprovetheseismicresistanceoftraditionalwoodstructure,ordinaryjapanesehomestakencabinetdesign,whentheearthquakehappened,thewholehouseisrolling,notdestruction.Professionalandtechnicalpersonnelwillperiodicallytoseismicstrengtheningratingofhouses,Thegovernmentwilltakeintoconsiderationtheappropriatesubsidiestoencourageresidents.另一方面，为了提高传统木结构建筑的抗震能力，日本普通的民宅采用了箱体设计——地震发生时，房屋整体翻滚,不至于损毁。专业技术人员还会定期对民房进行抗震加固等级评定,政府会酌情给予居民适当的补贴鼓励。箱体设计图整体不坏的房屋Materialpreparation物资准备Eachcommunityhasestablishedearthquakedesignatedemergencyshelter.Whentheearthquakehappen,reliefstationsgenerallybasedontheroad,,inorderthatpeoplewithhomedrinkingwater,loungeandtherelatedinformation.每个社区都有为地震建立的指定紧急避难所。地震的时候，救助站一般建立在公路旁，为的是回家的人们提供饮用水、休息室和有关信息。（图为避难所中的孩子们）储物满满的仓库Theshelflifeoffoodstorageinthewarehouseis5years,generallyinfourthyearstimewillbereplaced,andthereplacedfoodwillinavarietyofdisasterpreventionexercisesmakepeopleeat,sodonotwaste.Inaddition,thewarehouseisequippedwithlightingheatingequipmentandgenerators,powerequipment,portabletoiletsandcanbeassembled.仓库里储存的食品保质期是5年,一般到第四年的时候就会更换，而更换下来的食品又会在进行各种防灾演习时让人们吃掉,所以不会造成浪费。另外,仓库里还备有照明取暖设备和发电机等电力设备,还有可以组装的便携式厕所。BelowistheJapaneseTokyudepartmentstore,InJapan,thebigdepartmentstoresDisasterpreventiongoodscounter.ThereyoucanbuyallkindsoffamilydisasterWreckingtools.下图为日本的“东急百货”，在日本，大的百货公司都有防灾用品专柜。在那里你可以买到各种家庭防灾救险工具。Aboveforthefamilyemergencystoragebox,therearedozensofthingsinside.Oncetheearthquakehappen,theymightcomeinhandy.上图为家庭应急储物箱，里面有几十种东西。一旦发生地震等灾害，它就会派上用场。Studyofearthquakescience地震科学的深入研究EveryyeartheJapanesegovernmentinvestmenttheamountoffundingtoresearchinearthquake.Therefore,theknowledgeofearthquakeinJapanhavethemostadvancedtheoriesandKnowledge.ThisistoreducetheearthquakedisasterAfteragreathelp.日本政府每年都会投入大量的科研经费来研究地震。所以，日本在地震学知识方面有着最前沿的理论和知识。这对于减轻地震灾害有着巨大的帮助。地震NaturaldisasterRescuesystem自然灾害救助体系ralativelaw相关法律Earthquakeinsurancesystem地震保险制度EmergencymanagementThelegalsystem应急管理法律体系thesystemconstruction制度建设Intheearthquake地震中Themeasurestakenbythegovernmen政府采取的措施Whentheearthquakeoccurred,theearthquakedisasterwarningmechanismthroughthegovernmentfirstissuedanoticetothecountry.Then,theSDForganizationprofessionaldisasterreliefteam,firebrigade,avolunteerteamtothedisasterarea.Variousgovernmentdepartmentswillbecoordinated,organized,orderlycarryoutrescueactivities.地震发生时，政府首先通过地震灾害预警机制向全国发出通知。接着组织自卫队、专业救灾队、消防队、志愿者团队等向灾区开出。政府各个部门会统一协调，服从组织，紧张有序地开展救援活动。自卫队队员在救助日本专业救灾队消防队在救援志愿者无偿奉献Arapidresponsetocitizens公民的快速应对TheusualstrictearthquakeemergencyAtordinarytimesstrictemergencyactingsothattheJapanesehaveagoodpsychologicalquality.Whenearthquakecomestheydon'tpanic.theycanquicklyfindescaperoutes,andtransfertosafety.平时严格的地震应急演习使日本国民有着良好的心理素质。地震来临时他们并不慌张，他们能够迅速找到逃生路线，并转移到安全地带。（小学生头戴防火帽从教学楼撤出）（老人们迅速找到逃生路线）Aftertheearthquake地震后Governmentcommand政府指挥Aftertheearthquake,thegovermentwillimmidiatelyorganizerebuliding,showapowerfulcommandofearthquakecountry震后，政府会马上组织重建，显示出一个多地震国家政府的有力指挥。重建Governmentcommand]政府指挥InternationalAid国际援助FolkDonations民间捐资EarthquakerescueAidsystem地震救援体系重建家园Thecollectionofdata,researchprogress搜集数据，进步研究EveryearthquakeleavesManyvaluabledata,scientiststhroughthestudyofthesedata,furthersimulationmethod每一次地震都会留下许多宝贵的数据，科学家们通过研究这些数据，模拟实验等方法进一步对地震学进行研究。Perfectthelaw完善法律JapanesearchitectsinarchitecturaldesignWhen,willbeinstrictaccordancewiththeconstructionReferencemethodofseismicrequirements.ButthelaweveryfewyearsWillberevisedagain.IntheKobeearthquake,accordingtothenewTheconstructionofthebuildingstandardlawHousesmostlyintact.日本建筑师在设计建筑时，会严格按照《建筑基准法》的抗震要求。而且这部法律每几年就会重新修订一次。在阪神地震中，按照新的《建筑基准法》建造的房屋几乎完好无损。日本严格的抗震建筑法----《建筑基准法》Thanksforlistening!Seeyounexttime