同位与定从区别

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别JoyWednesday,March11,2009同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:1.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词｡而定语从句的先行词可以是名词､代词､主句的一部分或是整个主句｡如:Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性｡(同位语从句)Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题｡(同位语从句)Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.据说他已经出国了｡(同位语从句)1.Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴｡(定语从句)2.Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位医生在房间里面｡(定语从句)3.Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习｡(定语从句,代词all作先行词｡)2.从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的｡(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息｡)2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的｡(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语｡)3.ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有｡(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言｡)4.Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺｡(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语｡)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句｡如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑｡(同位语从句)IIhavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.我不知道他发生了什么事｡(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略｡that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替｡1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了｡(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略｡)2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组｡(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略｡)1.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004上海春季高考)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether2.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(2004上海春季高考)A.asB.whichC.whatD.that3.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout____wewouldhavelostourway.(2004北京春季高考)A.itB.thatC.thisD.which答案:1.B2.B3.D