限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

TheDifferencesbetweentheRestrictiveandNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别•区别一：形式上不同•限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。•区别二：功能不同（最重要的区别）•限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；•而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。•Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)•Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)Discussthedifference•Hisbrother,whoiseighteenyearsold,isaPLAman.•HisbrotherwhoiseighteenyearsoldisaPLAman.•区别：A句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，现今十八岁。(说明他只有一个哥哥)B句：他那个十八岁的哥哥是位解放军。(说明他还有别的哥哥)•Allthebooksthere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.那里所有的书都是他写的,书里附有漂亮的插图。(说明那里没有除他以外的人写的书)•Allthebookstherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.那里所有附插图的书都是他写的。(暗示没有附插图的书不是他写的)•区别三：翻译不同•在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：•Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。•I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。•区别四：先行词不同•限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，•而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；如：•Iknownothingthathappenedlastnight.昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点也不知道。(修饰前面的nothing)Hehasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.他进步了，这使我们大家都很高兴。(说明前面句子的整个内容)•另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。•区别五：关系词不同•关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(如引导词作宾语，theway做先行词)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上A．作宾语时可省略B．可用thatC．可用who代替whomA．不可省略B．不用thatC．不可用who代替whomPracticeA•请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句：1.TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.2.Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.3.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.4.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.ExercisesA1、All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC解析：定语从句中的先行词为all,none等词时，关系代词必须用that,而不是which.故选C。2、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD解析：thisfactory容易被学生错误地混为先行词，其实这是Thisfactory是句子的主语而不是先行词。所以选择D.Theone中的one指代的是factory,作定语从句的先行词。3、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC解析：theday是定语从句的先行词，shespentinBeijing中的动词spent是个及物动词，后接宾语，theday作动词spent的宾语。因此选C.4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD解析：题中的theschool是定语从句的先行词。in+which=where,因此选D.试比较：Thisschoolis____myfatherworked20yearsago.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.theonewhichB5、Thisisthefactory_______wevisitedlastyear.A、thatB、inwhichC、whatD、theoneA解析：thefactory是定语从句的先行词,用作宾语；从句wevisitedlastyear中visit是个及物动词，后接宾语，因此选A.6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_______learntinthepastthreedays.A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeenB解析：stories是定语从句的先行词,同时stories被最高级所修饰，因此选B.1、Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichBExercisesB2、Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA3、Theman_______youaretalkingisinthenextroom.A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whomB4、Idon’tliketheway_____hespoketome.A、bythatB、whatC、bywhichD、/D4、I，______yougoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD5、Thisistheonlything_____Icandonow.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC6、Those_____totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whatwantsD、wantB7、Hiswalkingstick,____hecan’twalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD8、Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheirwork,______,Ithinkisawisechoice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC9、Thisisthereason______hetoldme.A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthatA10、Thisisthelastfactory___heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_____stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;thatC•1.(限)Herearethefarmerswhodiscoveredtheundergroundcitylastmonth.•2.(非)Hangzhouisafamouscity,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea./Hangzhou,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea,isafamouscity.•3.(限)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshegotangry.•4.(限)TheoldmantowhomyouaretalkingsawsomeGermans…•5.(限)Thewomanrememberedthedaywhenshesaw…•6.(非)St.Petersburgisaverybeautifulcity,whichwasoncecalledLeninggrad.•7.(限)Irememberthesoldierwhotoldme…•8.(非)Thesoldiermoved…,wheretheywantedtohidethem.•9.(非)Xi’anisoneofthefewcitieswithcitywalls,whosewallsremainasgoodasbefore.•10.(非)ShannxiProvinceisaplacewithmanyculturalrelics,whicharewelllookedafter.