话语标记语研究综述-谢世坚-(1)

ShandongForeignLanguageTeachingJournal20095(132)(,541004):2009206230:(1966-),,,,,::2070,,,,;;:;;;:H0205:A:100222643(2009)0520015207,,,,70,,(Fras2er,1999:932)1.0Quirk,:,,[];,(),(Quirk,1953,Svartvik,1980:167)Quirk:1)();2);3)2070,Labov&Fanshel(1977:156)wellLevinson(1983)(discoursedeixis):,(utterance)(discourse),(Levinson,1983:87-88)Levinson80,,well(Brinton,1996:280)wellSvart2vik(1980)well:1)(qualifier),2)(frame),;stman(1981)(pragmaticparticle)youknow;Schourup(1985)(commondiscourseparticles)well,oh,like,yknow,(evincivefunction)Zwicky(1985),512.080,,,,SchiffrinFraserBlakemore,2.1SchiffrinSchiffrin(1987:31):(sequentiallydependentelementswhichbracketunitsoftalk):;;,,,;;(Schiffrin,1987:328),Schiffrin(1987:314),,ohwell,,,Schiffrin(well,why)(and,because)(now,there)(yknow,whatImeanis...)(see,say)(anyway)Schiffrin,(index2icalfunctions),(cont2extualcoordinates),(),,;,,,(Schiffrin1987:330)Schiffrin2.2FraserFraser(1999),,,;,,,;,S(egment)1S(egment)2,(Fraser,1990:385)Schiffrin(1987),Fraser(),,S2Fraser(1999):(messages),:(contrastivemarkers),but,however;(elaborativemarkers),aboveall,besides;(infer2entialmarkers),so,therefore,(topicchangemarkers),bytheway,withregardstoFraser,,welloh(Schourup,1999:239)2.3BlakemoreBlakemore(1987,1992,1996,2002)Sperber&Wilson(1986P1995)(relevancetheory),Blakemore(2002:9),,,,,,:1.Annaishere.SoTomsgotameeting.2.Annaishere.ButTomsgotameeting.3.Annaishere.AfterallTomsgotameeting.,so,but,afterall,Blakemore(conceptualmeaning)(proceduralmeaning),:,,;,,61(Blakemore,2002:4)Blakemore(2002:185),Blakemore,3.03.1,Halliday(1985)(),,;stman(1981:39-40),Brinton,Halliday,(1996:38)Aijmer(2002:46),,;stman(1981:39-40),Brinton(1996),Aijmer(2002)(floorholding)3.2Schiffrin(1987:322-326)(indexicalfunctions),(index)(Ochs,1996:414),(),(),(Aijmer,2002)3.3:,,Fraser,Schiffrin(5.1),,,,,,SchiffrinFraserBlakemore4.04.1,80,(,1992:85),,,(2000),(2003),,(),,()(2005),(),,,(2005a)P(2005b),,,(WangLiYa,2001)(Yu2FangWang)(Pi2Hua71Tsai)(2005)Halliday(1985)(2006),,,(2000a,b)(2005a),(2004)(1999,2000a,2000b,2004)-,8(5.1),,Fraser(1996),;,(implicature),(2005a),,:()(P)P,,,4.2::()(),,,,,;,5.05.1SchiffrinFraser,Carter&McCarthy(2006:208-225),:1)(well,so,next,right,listen);2)(Imean,youknow);3)(good,fine)Carter&McCarthyFraser,,,(2000a),8:1)(topic2relatedmarkers),;2)(evidentialmarkers),;3)(inferentialmarkers),;4)(reformulationmarkers),;5)(manner2of2speakingmark2ers),;6)(contrastivemarkers),;7)(self2assessmentmarkers),;8)(locutionaryperformatives),,,,,;,,,,?81(2005a),;,P(P),,?()?,,,,,:,,Schiffrin,,,,Fraser(2004)Carter&McCarthy,,5.2,,:,,,,(,2008),,,;,,,,,,,,:,,8,:1ah,oh,ohno,ouch,wowPand,because,but,or,soanyhow,anyway,here,no,now,then,there,well,whatever()fine,good,great,okay,right,welllisten,look,say,seePPinotherwords,sotospeak,onthecontraryImean,mindyou,youknowPyknow,yousee,whatImeanis...(P)P,,,,,,,,,,(,2008)3,!:Fraser(2001),S1,Blakemore198719921996(discourseconnective),2002index,,91(,1999),,,wellnow[1]Aijmer,K.EnglishDiscourseParticles:EvidencefromaCorpus[M].AmsterdamPPhiladelphia:JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany,2002.[2]Blakemore,D.SemanticConstraintsonRelevance[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1987.[3]Blakemore,D.UnderstandingUtterances[M].Ox2ford:Blackwell,1992.[4]Blakemore,D.Areappositionmarkersdiscoursemarkers?[J].JournalofLinguistics,1996,32:325-347.[5]Blakemore,D.RelevanceandLinguisticMeaning:TheSemanticsandPragmaticsofDiscourseMarkers[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2002.[6]Brinton,L.J.PragmaticMarkersinEnglish:GrammaticalizationandDiscourseFunctions[M].Berlin:MoutondeGruyter,1996.[7]Carter,R.&M.McCarthy.CambridgeGrammarofEnglish[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2006.[8]Fraser,B.Anapproachtodiscoursemarkers[J].JournalofPragmatics,1990,14:383-395.[9]Fraser,B.Pragmaticmarkers[J].Pragmatics,1996,6:167-190.[10]Fraser,B.Whatarediscoursemarkers?[J].JournalofPragmatics,1999,31:931-952.[11]Fraser,B.ThecaseofemptyS1[J].JournalofPragmatics,2001,33:1625-1630.[12]Halliday,M.A.K.IntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar[M].London:EdwardArnold,1985.[13]Labov,W.&D.Fanshel.TherapeuticDiscourse[M].Orlando:AcademicPress,1977.[14]Levinson,S.C.Pragmatics[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1983.[15]Ochs,E.Linguisticresourcesforsocializinghu2manity[A].InGumperz,J.J.&S.C.Levinson(eds.).RethinkingLinguisticRelativity[C].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1996.407-437.[16];stman,J.O.YouKnow:ADiscourseFunc2tionalApproach[M].Amsterdam:JohnBenjamins,1981.[17]Schiffrin,D.DiscourseMarkers[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1987.[18]Schourup,L.CommonDiscourseParticlesinEn2glishConversation[M].NewYork:Garland,1985.[19]Schourup,L.Discoursemarkers[J].Lingua,1999:107,227-265.[20]Sperber,D.&D.Wilson.Relevance:Communi2cationandCognition[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1986/1995.[21]Svartvik,J.Wellinconversation[A].InS.Greenbaum,G.Leech&J.Svartvik(eds.).StudiesinEnglishLinguisticsforRandolphQuirk[C].London:Longman,1980.167-177.[22]Wang,L.Y.FromPredicatetoDiscourseMarker:TheGrammaticalizationofHaoinMandarinChi2nese[R].InProceedingsofthe2001NationalCon2ferenceonLinguistics,GraduateInstituteofLin2guis