ROMAN-LAW

ROMANLAWRomanLawRomanlawisthelegalsystemofancientRome,andthelegaldevelopmentswhichoccurredbeforethesixthcenturyAD.RomelegaldevelopmentTheTwelveTablesEarlylawandjurisprudencePre-classicalperiodClassicalRomanlawPost-classicallawRomelegaldevelopmentTheTwelveTablesThefirstlegaltextMid-fifthcenturyBCRomelegaldevelopmentEarlylawandjurisprudenceLexCanuleiaLexHortensiaLexAquiliaRomelegaldevelopmentPre-classicalperiodIusHonorariumRomelegaldevelopmentClassicalRomanlawGaiusUlpianAemiliusPapinianusJuliusPaulusPrudentissimusDomitiusUlpianusHerenniusModestinusRomelegaldevelopmentPost-classicallawVulgarLawLawoftheTwelveTablesContents:•Civilprocedure•Thetrial•Debt•Parentsandchildren•Inheritance•Property•RealProperty•Torts•Constitutionalprinciples•Funeralregulations•Marriage•Crimes•ancientlegislationthatstoodatthefoundationofRomanlaw•formedthecenterpieceoftheconstitutionoftheRomanRepublicandthecoreofthecustomoftheancestorsInfluence:weakenthenobles'positionattributedequalitytoRomancitizensNotchangeSlaverysocietyofRomanJuscivile(公民法）protecttheprofitsofRomancitizensrulethecountryJusgentium(万民法)highcommercialdevelopmentforeignerscan'tbetreatedequallyCorpusIurisCivilisCodexDigesta或PandectaeInstitutionesNovellaeCorpusJurisCivilisTheCorpusJuris(orIuris)Civilis(BodyofCivilLaw)isthemodernnameforacollectionoffundamentalworksinjurisprudence,issuedfrom529to534byorderofJustinianI,EasternRomanEmperor.ItisalsoreferredtoastheCodeofJustinian.Contents1.CodexJustinianus（法典）TheCodexJustinianus(CodeofJustinian,Justinian'sCode)wasthefirstparttobecompleted,onApril7,529.ItcollectstheconstitutionesoftheRomanEmperors.TheearlieststatutepreservedinthecodewasenactedbyEmperorHadrian;thelatestcamefromJustinianhimself.Thecompilersremovedrepetitiveoriniquitouslaws,inorderto“affordallmenthereadyassistanceoftruemeaning.LegislationaboutreligionNumerousprovisionsservetosecurethestatusofOrthodoxChristianityasthestatereligionoftheempire,unitingChurchandstate,andmakinganyonewhowasnotconnectedtotheChristianchurchanon-citizen.LawsagainstheresyTheveryfirstlawintheCodexrequiresallpersonsunderthejurisdictionoftheEmpiretoholdtheholyorthodox(Christian)faith.ThiswasprimarilyaimedagainstheresiessuchasArianism.Thistextlaterbecamethespringboardfordiscussionsofinternationallaw,especiallythequestionofjustwhatpersonsareunderthejurisdictionofagivenstateorlegalsystem.LawsagainstpaganismOtherlaws,whilenotaimedatpaganbeliefassuch,forbidparticularpaganpractices.Forexample,itisprovidedthatallpersonspresentatapagansacrificemaybeindictedasifformurder.2.Digesta（学说汇纂）TheDigestaorPandectaeconsistofacollectionoflegalwritingsmostlydatingbacktothesecondandthirdcenturies.FragmentsweretakenoutofvariouslegaltreatisesandopinionsandinsertedintheDigest.Intheiroriginalcontext,thestatementsofthelawcontainedinthesefragmentswerejustprivateopinionsoflegalscholars.TheDigest,however,wasgiventheforceoflaw,liketheotherpartsoftheCorpusJuris.ThissectionoftheCorpusJuriswascompletedin533.3.IustinianiInstitutiones（法学阶梯）AstheDigestnearedcompletion,Tribonianandtwoprofessors,TheophilusandDorotheus,madeastudents'textbook,calledtheInstitutionesor'Elements'.Astherewerefourelements,themanualconsistsoffourbooks.TheInstitutionesarelargelybasedontheInstitutionesofGaius.TwothirdsoftheInstitutionesofJustinianconsistsofliteralquotesfromGaius.ThenewInstitutioneswereusedasamanualforjuristsintrainingsince21November533andweregiventheauthorityoflawon30December533alongwiththeDigest.4.Novellae(新律）TheNovellaeconsistedofnewlawsthatwerepassedafter534.Theywerelaterre-workedintotheSyntagma,apracticallawyer'sedition,byAthanasiosofEmesaduringtheyears572–77.TheInfluenceofRomanlawRomanlawisthemostcompletelyandadvancelawintheslavesocietyProviderulesforthecommerceRomeconqueredtheworldthreetimesThelawsafteritTheInfluenceofRomanLawGermaniclawsInthesimplerGermaniccodesthemaindistinctiveelementwastheuseofcompositionforcrimes,butmostoftheGermaniccodesshowedatleastsomeRomaninfluence.TheInfluenceofRomanLawCanonlawRomanlaw,togetherwiththeBible,wasthebasisofcanonlaw,thelegalsystemoftheRomanCatholicChurchTheInfluenceofRomanLawHebrewlawHebrewlawwasbasedontheTalmudFeudallawOnpersonalrelationsTheInfluenceofRomanLawThelawoftheseaIntheRenaissanceContinentallawItbecamethebasisofmostContinentallawi.e.FrenchCodeNapoléonFrenchCodeNapoléonThankyou!