Augustus-ppt

AUGUSTUSThe12thgroup:Phoebe090111197April090111189Sunny090111216Angela090111223ContentsHislifetimeRisetopowerTheRulingRegimeAboutAugust※※※※Phoebe(63BC-14AD)•ThefirstemperorofRomanempire•Heendedacenturyofcivilwar,theRomanEmpireenteredalongperiodofpeace,prosperityandglory.AugustusPhoebe59BC(4)FatherdiedMotherremarried52or51BCGrandmotherdied63BCRomeGaiusOctaviousThurinus44BC(18)CaesardiedHeirtoCaesarRule14AD(77)Died27BCThefirstemperorofRomeAdoptedbyJuliusCaesarLifetimePhoebe•JuliusCaesar•OutstandingmilitarycommanderandpoliticianofRomanrepublicperiod•OctavianwasthegrandnephewandadoptedsonofJuliusCaesarPhoebeRelationshipFather:GaiusOctaviusAugustusMother:AtiaScriboniaGlodiaJuliaLiviaPhoebeTITLES•30BC:wasidentifiedastheTribuneofthePlebsforlife,•29BC:theGrandMarshalaward•28BC:Augustus(meaningsacredandextreme)•27BC:AugustusUST(meaningrespect)•13BC:pontifexmaximus•2BC:paterpatriaePhoebeTheDomesticPoliticalForcesTheSenateTheCaesar’sassassinsBrutusandLonginusTheCaesar’sformercolleagueAntonyCaesarianVeteranssuchasPompeiusOctavianAprilOtherpoliticalforcesHisPreparation•Money•afundallottedbyCaesarforthewaragainstParthiaintheMiddleEastamountingto700millionsesterces•theannualtributethathadbeensentfromRomeEasternprovincetoItaly•Troops•hisnewlyacquiredfundsattractedmanyCaesar’slegionariesbuildingupaprivatearmyinItaly•Support•fromCaesarianSympathizersseeingtheyoungheirasthelessevilandhopedtomanipulatehimortobearwithhimduringtheireffortstogetridofAntoniusAprilThesecondtriumvirateThemember:Octavian,AntonyandLepidusThetime:inOctober43BCinameetingnearBolognaOneofthemostfamousevent:themotionproscriptionsinwhichallegedly300senatorsweredeprivedoftheirpropertyandforthosewhofailedtoescape,theirlivesPS:ThefirsttriumvirateformedbyPompey,CaesarandCrassusin60BCThreeImportantWars•BattleofPhilippi•WarwithPompeius•WarwithAntonyAprilBattleofPhilippiinphilippiin42BCTheWinnerTheloser•AntonyandOctavianVSBrutusandCassiusAim:torevengeforCaesarandpreparetofatherOctavian'scauseAntonyandOctaviansent28legionsbyseatofacethearmiesofBrutusandCassiusTheend:BrutusandCassiuscommittedsuicideAprilWarwithPompeiusinSicilyin36BCTheWinnerTheloser•LepidusandOctavianVSPompeius•Theblastingfuse:OctaviandivorcedScriboniaandmarriedLivia,thisleadedtotheiragreementcollapse•Theeffect:LepiduswasejectedfromtheTriumvirateAprilWarwithAntonyinActiumin31BCTheWinnerTheloser•OctavianVSAntonyAIM:eradicatethelastopponentandpreparetoruletheentireRepublicTheend:AntonyandhiswifeCleopatracommittedsuicideWhydidtheseloserschosetoendtheirlives?AprilTheRulingRegimeMilitaryaffairsDomesticaffairsReligionRevenuereformsLiteratureSunnyMilitaryaffairsAugustuscompletedtheongoingprofessionalizationoftheRomanmilitaryForthecitizensoldiersofthelegions,servicewasforaprescribedperiodHealsocreatedthepraetorianGuardAugustusestablishedthemilitarytreasurySunnyTheDomesticAffairsMarblecityTrafficFirebrigadeDivisionofcityJusticeSunnyMarbleCity•IfoundRomeofclay,andlefthertoyouofmarbleBuildingProjects•FirstImperialForum(ForumofAugustus)•TheSenatehouse•GreatTemples:PantheonTempleofdivineTuliusTempleofApollo•Publiclibrariesandbaths•TheaterofPompyReligion•RestoredtheTempleandPriesthood•Augustusrespectedforeignancientceremonytocivilizethepeople.SunnyRevenueReformsAngela●Thevarying,intermittent,andsomewhatarbitrarytributesfromeachlocalprovincewasreplacedbythedirectandconsistenttax.●Privatetaxoffarmingwasreplacedbysalariedcivilservicetax.AngelaLiteratureAugustanperiodiscalledthegoldenageofRomanliteratureOvidHoraceVirgilAngelaAngelaLEOVERGOMonthofAugust•ThemonthofAugust(Latin:Augustus)isnamedafterAugustus;untilhistimeitwascalledSextilis(namedsobecauseithadbeenthesixthmonthoftheoriginalRomanandtheLatinwordforsixissex).•SextiliswasrenamedtohonorAugustusbecauseseveralofthemostsignificanteventsinhisrisetopower,fellinthatmonth.•Originally,AugustisshorterthanJuly.AugustuswantedhismonthtomatchthelengthofJuliusCaesar'sJuly,sohetookonedayfromFebruaryandaddedittoAugust.AngelaOriginofthenamesofthemonthsJanuaryJanusFebruaryFebruusMarchMarsAprilAprilisMayMaiestaJuneJunoJulyJuliusAugustAugustusSeptemberSevenOctoberEightNovemberNineDecemberTenAngelaBibliographyRome:TheAugustanAgeChisholm,KittyandJohnFergusonEncyclopediaoftheRomanEmpireBunson,MatthewTheLifeofRome'sFirstEmperorEveritt,AnthonyPicturesfromWikipediaThesesterce•SomebodyclaimsthatsinceOctaviusreachedmaturity(in48BC),Caesarhadtakenhiminandbagantraininghimtobehissuccessor.•In48BC,theyoungOctaviuswaselectedtothepontificalcollege.•WhenCaesarcelebratedhismultipletriumphsinSeptember46BC,Octaviustookparkintheprocessionandwasaccordedmilitaryhonors.•WhenheheardofCaesar’smurder,OctaviuswaspreparingtojoinCaesaronhisParthiancampaign.•While,hisfriendsandsomeseniorarmyofficersurgedhimtotakerefugewiththearmyinMacedonia.Hisfamiliesurgedhimtorenouncetheadoptionandinheritanceinordertosecurehispersonalsafety.