Chinese-education

ChineseEducationUnitgoals1.toknowthedeveleopmentoftraditionaleducation;2.tograspsomecommontermsabouteducation;3.todiscussChineseeducationlecture（60minutes）1.TheDevelopmentofTraditionalEducation(25minutes)2.PresentEducation(30minutes)3.InternationalExchangesandCooperation(5minutes)discussion(10minutes)reading(20minutes)1TheDevelopmentofTraditionalEducation(25minutes)PrivateSchools(5minutes)OfficialSchools(10minutes)ImperialExaminationSystem(10minutes)1TheDevelopmentofTraditionalEducationWordsandphrases私塾官学春秋时期弟子贤人家族思想学派privateschoolofficialschooltheSpringandAntumnPerioddisciplepersonofvirtueClanShoolofthoughts1.1PrivateSchools1Whatisaprivateschool?Whatarethecharacteristicsofit?Aprivateschoolreferstoaschoolsetupbyafamily,clan,orteacherthatgenerallyhadjustoneteacherwhogaveindividualtuition,andthathadnosettextbooksandnospecifiedtimespanofstudy.2Whendidtheprivateschoolprevail?Whoseprivateschoolwasthelargestandmostinfluential?IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,privateschoolsprevailedandmanyscholarsofdifferentschoolsofthoughtsspreadtheirteachinginthisway.Amongthem,theprivateschoolrunbyConfuciuswasthelargestandmostinfluential.Wordsandphrase西周乡学四书五经科举考试制度TheWesternZhouDynastyOfficialinstitutionFourBooksFiveClassicsImperialexamsystem1.2OfficialSchools1Whowasadmittedtogotoofficialschools?OfficialschoolsbeganduringtheWesternZhouDynasty,andweresponsoredbytheofficialconstitutioncalledXiangxue(乡学:officialinstitutions).Onlychildrenofnobleswereadmitted.Theofficialschoolingsystemincludedacentralschoolandlocalschoolsindifferentadministrativeregions.2Whatweretheteachingmaterials?TheteachingmaterialswerecenteredontheFourBooksandtheFiveClassics3WhataretheFourBooksandtheFiveClassics?FourBooksTheGreatLearning《大学》TheDoctrineofMean《中庸》TheAnalectsofConfucius《论语》Mencius《孟子》FiveClassicsTheBookofPoems《诗经》TheBookofHistory《尚书》TheBookofRites《礼记》TheBookofChanges《易经》TheSpringandAutumnAnnals《春秋》1.3TheAcademyofClassicLearning(书院)whendidtheAcademyofClassicLearningcomeintobeing?ItcameintobeingduringtheTangDynastyandcontinueduntiltheendoftheQingDynasty.Theywereestablishedinvariouslocalitiesforstudiesandlectures.DoyouknowfourfamousacademiesofancientChina?YueluAcademy(岳麓书院)BailuDongAcademy(白鹿洞书院)SongyangAcademy(嵩阳书院)YingtianAcademy(应天书院)Howdidtheimperialexaminationsystemappear?AftertheSuiDynasty,theseprivateandofficialschoolsgraduallydeteriorated(衰败)todependontheimperialexaminationsystem(科举考试制度),throughwhichofficialswereselected.ImperialExaminationSystemThesystemoftheimperialexamination,orKeju(科举)inChinese,dominatededucationinChina’sfeudalsociety.Itdevelopedintoasystem,bywhichtalentedpeoplewererecognizedandselectedasgovernmentofficials.ThepracticebeganintheSuiDynastyandlastedmorethan1,300yearsuntilthelastexamination,whichwasheldduringtheQingDynasty.WhatarethetwolevelsconductedintheImperialExamination?Howoftenwasxiangshiheld?“Xiangshi”(乡试)DuringtheMingandtheQingdynasties,imperialexaminationswereheldonceeverythreeyearsinvariousprovincialcapitalsfortheselectionofJurenfromtheXiucaiwhohadpassedsuchanexaminationatthecountylevel.“Huishi”(会试)DuringtheMingandtheQingdynastiesimperialexaminationswereheldonceeverythreeyearsinthecapitalforthosecandidatessuccessfulintheprovincialexamination.ThecivilexaminationItfeaturedwriting,whichinvolvedthewritingofanEight-partessay(八股文),andwasdesignedtoselectJinshi。Anessayinthisstylemustconsistofeightparagraphs:settingthetheme(破题),exposition(承题),explanation(起讲),proceedingtosethand(入手),thestatingpart(起股),themiddlepart(中股),therealpart(后股)andtheendingpart(束股),eachofthelastfourpartsincludestwopairsofparallelsentences,totalingeightpairs.TheMilitaryExaminationThemilitaryexaminationfeaturedmartialarts,includinghorsemanship,archery,andweightlifting.MoreInformation…三元及第坊三元,是省级的“乡试”、全国的“会试”metropolitanexams和皇帝亲自主持的“殿试”均名列第一，分别获得“解元”、“会元”、“状元”称号的缩略。自唐代以科举取士1000多年来，连中三元的仅13人，清代两百多年中仅有2人。把用巨石镌刻的牌坊置于王城正门之上，是封建社会给科举成名者的至高荣誉。钱启（苏州）NewLearningVerydifferenttypeofschoolcalledNewLearning,modeledafterWesterneducationalinstitutions,replacedthetraditionalofficialschools.Publicschoolswerefoundedinallpartsofthecountrywithmanysubjectsofstudyofferedaspartofthecurriculum.PresentEducation(30minutes)PleasenamesomedifferentformsofeducationBasicEducation(10minutes)SeniorMiddleSchoolandSecondaryVocationalSchool(5minutes)HigherEducation(5minutes)AdultEducation(5minutes)SpecialEducation(2minutes)VocationalEducation(1minutes)EducationforEthnicGroups(2minutes)BasicEducationBasiceducationencompassespreschooleducation,primaryschooleducationandmiddleschooleducation(juniormiddleandseniormiddle).Thelengthofschoolingis:fiveorsixyearsinprimaryschools,threeyearsinjuniormiddleschools,andthreeyearsinseniormiddleschools.Pre-schooleducationWhatarethemainformsofChina’spreschooleducation?ThemainformsofChina’spreschooleducationarenurseriesandkindergartens.Whatarenurseriesfor?Nametwotypes.China’snurseriesprovidecareforbabiesundertheageofthree.Therearedaynurseriesaswellasboardingnurseries(全托),whichreleasetheirchargesfortheweekend.K