西安石油大学本科毕业设计(论文)气液混抽泵设计摘要:随着社会的快速发展,我国的各行各业均得到迅猛发展,尤其在石油行业。抽油泵是油田开发过程中的主要设备之一,往往油井中含有大量的气体而使抽油泵发生气锁,导致抽油泵不能正常工作,抽油效率下降。本次设计在普通抽油泵的基础上,在开有小孔的泵筒上增加了中空管组件来改变了泵在抽油时的油气比,因而有效地改善了抽油泵的性能,提高了油田的原油产量,增加了油田开发的经济效益。本文结合我国油田中普遍存在的油气比大的油井,这些油井中含有大量的溶解气体对抽油泵效率有明显影响,从现有的防气抽油泵为出发点开始研究。首先介绍了国内外防气抽油泵的发展现状,接下来讨论了本次毕业设计的气液抽油泵的工作原理,初步确定了气液抽油泵的整体结构。然后对气液抽油泵的整体结构、尺寸进行了设计计算,确定了泵的外径和泵筒的长度。最后对抽油泵的主要零件,如泵筒、柱塞、泵阀、阀罩等进行了设计计算以及校核,并对抽油泵的排量进行了估算。最终确定所设计的气液抽油泵能够有效防止气锁而正常工作。关键词:抽油泵;防气锁;气液抽油泵;结构设计西安石油大学本科毕业设计(论文)DesignofaGas-liquidmixingpumpAbstract:Withthedevelopmentofsociety,theindustriesarerapiddevelopmentinchina,particularlyintheoilindustry.Pumpisoneofmainequipmentintheprocessofoilfielddevelopment.OftenitcontainslargeamountsofgasinoilWellsandmakesthepumpoccurgas-lock,whichcausedthepumpnottoworknormallyandtheefficiencyofpumpingdescend.Onthebasisofthepump,thedesignaddsthecentralhollow-outthetubecomponentstotheordinarypumpcylinderthatithassomeholestochangetheoiltogasratiointhepump,thusimprovetheperformanceofthepump,soastoeffectivelyimproveoilfieldoilproductionandtheeconomicbenefitofoilfielddevelopment.Inthispaper,basedonthebigoil-gasratiosexistinginWellsinourcountry,whichcontainsalotofdissolvedgastohaveobviousinfluencefrompumpefficiency,andstartstudyingfromtheexistingpumpthatpreventsgas-lock.Firstly,itintroducesthepumppreventedgas-lockdevelopmentpresentsituation,thendiscussedthegraduateddesign,theworkingprincipleofthegastoliquidpump,andpreliminarilydeterminestheoverallstructureofthegastoliquidpump.Nextitdesignedandcalculatedthegastoliquidpumptotheoverallstructureanddimensions,determinedthepumpdiameterandthelengthofthepumpcylinder.Intheend,themainparts,suchaspumpcylinder,pumpplunger,pumpvalveandvalvecover,aredesigned,calculatedandcheckedforpump,thentheoutputvolumeiscalculated.Eventually,itdeterminesgastoliquidpumpwhattheydesigncanpreventeffectivelygas-lockandworknormally.Keywords:Pump;Preventgas-lock;Gastoliquidpump;Structuredesign西安石油大学本科毕业设计(论文)I目录1绪论····························································································11.1课题背景及目的······································································11.2抽油泵的发展概况···································································11.3论文的研究内容······································································31.4创新点··················································································32气液混抽泵的结构及工作原理······························································42.1气液混抽泵的基本结构·····························································42.2气液混抽泵的工作原理·····························································43气液混抽泵的设计·············································································53.1抽油泵总体尺寸计算································································53.1.1油管直径与泵径的匹配·······················································53.1.2抽油泵长度·······································································53.2抽油泵的主要零件的设计与计算·················································53.2.1古德曼图··········································································53.2.2泵筒的设计与计算·····························································83.2.3柱塞的设计与计算···························································183.2.4泵阀的设计与计算···························································213.2.5阀罩的设计与计算···························································243.2.6中空管的设计与计算························································283.3泵的排量计算·······································································294结论··························································································31参考文献···························································································32致谢······························································································33西安石油大学本科毕业设计(论文)11绪论1.1课题背景及目的在石油开发过程中,油田多居于极复杂的环境,具有断层多,油、气、水分布复杂,油藏埋藏深、井况差、原始油气比高等特点,由于这些特点,使得油田在开发过程中地层压力、液面下降快,产量递减快。随着油田的深入开发,气体对油井影响日益明显,泵效较低,甚至发生气锁等现象;较低的泵效严重影响着原油生产任务的顺利完成,气体影响是抽油机井泵效低的主要原因。对于含气油井,消除或减少气体的影响是采油工程的主要任务之一。然而在任意一个抽油泵中,固定阀与游动阀之间必定存在一段距离,称“防冲距”,其空间称“余隙容积”,充满油气混合物。当柱塞下行时,泵筒内压力升高,余隙容积内气体受压缩,并溶解于油液中,而柱塞上行时,泵筒内压力迅速减低,溶解的气体自油液中分离、膨胀,占据一定的空间。含气量较少时,气体膨胀后所占空间不大,对泵效影响不大,但当含气量较大时,膨胀气体可能占据柱塞在泵筒内移动的空间,且压力仍然不低于套管中的沉没压力,使固定阀打不开,抽油泵无法吸入。这时柱塞只是使气体处于交替的压缩和膨胀状态,抽油泵不工作,,产生所谓“气锁”。发生气锁时,没有油液排出,抽油机和泵将做无用功。更为有害的是,在这种含气井中工作,抽油泵还会发生液击现象,加速了抽油杆柱、游动阀罩、固定阀罩油管等井下设备的损坏。因此,必须设计一种新型抽油泵,来较好的解决这一情况,提高石油产量。这时,能够在高油气达到同样效果的抽油泵--气液抽油泵就是很好的研究方向。通过设计这种气液混合抽油泵,可以达到排气抽油或油气混抽的正常采油目的,避免了低效率、耗时耗力的工作。尤其在这种油井里发生气锁时,免除了抽油机做无用功,对抽油杆等井下设备的损害,较好的解决油田中高油气比的油井的开采工作,相信这种抽油泵一定会在我国的石油行业,尤其各个油田得到广泛应用!1.2抽油泵的发展概况回顾我国的抽油泵发展史,在50年代,我国开始仿制东欧、苏联、罗马尼亚等等国的衬套抽油泵。60年代,我国科技人员开始设计制造一些特殊泵,如防砂泵、防腐泵等等,但对预防井底严重的气体影响还没有真正解决。70年代开始制造长冲程泵、稠油泵以及其他新型的泵。然而设计水平和制造工艺的落后,再加上原材料的品种较少,远远不能满足油田井下各种复杂情况的需要。80年代末期,抽油泵制造水平逐步由衬套泵发展到批量生产整筒泵,制造工艺、热处理工艺有较大的提高,新型泵的品种也不断增加。但与国外相比,抽油泵的结构设计改进较少,新品种欠缺。西安石油大学本科毕业设计(论文)2目前我国使用的抽油泵,有两种结构型式的杆式泵和四种结构型式的管式泵,杆式泵的使用数量仅占管式泵的1%,且杆式泵只有顶部固定型式,适应能力较差.我国抽油井基本上采用标准型泵,不能适应稠油、含砂、含水量大、含硫化氢等腐蚀性较强、结蜡严重等油井的生产。近几年为