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Unit23whatis“Mechatronics”?“Mechatronics”isatermcoinedbytheJapanesetodescribetheintegrationofmechanicalandelectronicengineering.Theconceptmayseemtobeanythingbutnew,sincewecanlookaroundusandseeamyriadofproductsthatutilizebothMechanicalandelectronicdisciplines.Mechatronics,however,speciallyreferstoamultidisciplined,integratedapproachtoproductandmanufacturingsystemdesign.Itrepresentsthenextgenerationofmachines,robots,andsmartmechanismsnecessaryforcarryingoutworkinavarietyofenvironments-primarily,factoryautomation,officeautomation,andhomeautomationasshowninFig.23.1.译文：“机电一体化“是一个有日本人描述机械和电子集成的合成术语。这个概念看上去不再新颖，自从我们能观察四周和看到无数那些利用机械和电子学科的产品。机电一体化，然而，特别是涉及到许多学科，结合方法去生产和制造系统设计。他代表下一代机械，机器人和灵巧机构必须执行工作在各种环境，首要的，工厂自动化，办公自动化，家庭自动化如图23.1所示。Bybothimplicationandapplication,mechatronicsrepresentsanewlevelofintegrationforadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyandprocesses.Theintentistoforceamultidisciplinaryapproachtothesesystemsaswellastoreemphasizetheroleofprocessunderstandingandcontrol.Thismechatronicapproachiscurrentlyspeedingupthealready-rapidJapaneseprocessfortransformingideasintoproducts.译文：通过两个含义和应用，机电一体化代表了一个集成先进制造技术和过程的新水平。目的是将一个多学科的方法用到这些系统以及反复强调过程的作用的理解和控制。这个机械电子的方法目前加快了日本人已经将观念转化到产品的快速进程。Currently,mechatronicsdescribestheJapanesepracticeofusingfullyintegratedteamsofproductdesigners,manufacturing,purchasing,andmarketingpersonnelactinginconcertwitheachothertodesignboththeproductandthemanufacturingsystem.译文：目前，机电一体化阐述了日本人使用充分结合的队伍的实践，这一队伍包括产品设计者、制造人员、采购人员，他们相互一致行动，既设计产品又设计制造系统。TheJapaneserecognizedthatthefutureinproductioninnovationwouldbelongtothosewholearnedhowtooptimizethemarriagebetweenelectronicandmechanicalsystems.Theyrealized,inparticular,thattheneedforthisoptimizationwouldbemostintenseinapplicationofadvancedmanufacturingandproductionsystemswhereartificialintelligence,expertsystems,smartrobots,andadvancedmanufacturingtechnologysystemswouldcreatethenextgenerationoftoolstobeusedinthefactoryofthefuture.日本人意识到生产创新的未来会属于那些掌握了怎样使电子和机械系统结合得最优的人。他们认识到在用人工智能，专家系统，灵巧机器和先进制造技术来制造出将来工厂要使用到的新一代工具的制造和生产系统，尤其需要这种机电一体化的结合。Fromtheverybeginningsofrecordedtime,mechanicalsystemshavefoundtheirwayintoeveryaspectofoursociety.Oursimplestmechanisms,suchasgears,pulleys,springs,andwheels,haveprovidedthebasisforourtools.Ourelectronicstechnology,ontheotherhand,iscompletelytwentieth-century,allofitcreatedwithinthepast75years.自有时间记录以来，机械系统出现在了我们社会的每一个方向。我们最简单的机构，例如：齿轮、滑轮、弹簧、和轮子，组成了人类工具的基础。在另一方面，我们的电子技术在过去的75年里创造了整个二十世纪。Untilnow,theelectronicswereincludedtoenhancemechanicalsystems’performance,buttheemphasisremainedonthemechanicalproduct.Therehadneverbeenanymasterplanonhowtheintegrationwouldbedone.Inthepast,ithadbeendoneonacase-by-casebasis.Morerecently,however,becauseoftheoverwhelmingadvancesintheworldofelectronicsanditscapabilitytophysicallysimplifymechanicalconfigurations,thetechnicalcommunitybegantoreassessthemarriagebetweenthesetwodisciplines.直到现在，电子产品被用于提高机械系统的性能，而且强调保留在机械产品中。在怎样做一体化方面从来没有总体规划，在过去，它是在一件一件的基础上制作出来的。然而，近年来，由于电子世界重要的先进性和它对机械外形的物理简化能力，技术界开始重新评估这两个学科之间的结合。Themostobvioustrendinthedirectionofmechatronicinnovationcanbeobservedintheautomobileindustry.Therewasatimewhenacarwasprimarilyamechanicalmarvelwithafewelectronicappendages.在机电一体化改革方向最明显的趋势可以在汽车行业观察到。曾经有一段时间，汽车主要是一个有几个电子附件组成的机械奇迹。Firstcamethestartermotor,andthenthegenerator,eachmaikingtheoriginalproductabitbetterthanitwasbefore.Thencamesolid-stateelectronics,andsuddenlythemechanicalmarvelbecameanelectro-mechanicalmarvel.Today’smacineiscontrolledbymicroprocessors,builtbyrobots,andfault-analyzedbyacomputerconnectedtoits“externalieterfaceconnector”.Automo-tivemechanicalengineersarenolongerthemastersoftheircreations.首先是起动机电机，然后是发生器，每个制造的原产品都比以前更好。然后是固体电子学，突然变成了一个电气机械的奇迹。今天的机器是由微处理器控制，建立了机器人，和故障分析的计算机连接到它的“外部接口连接器”。汽车的机械工程师不再是他们的创作大师。Theprocessthatdescribestheevolutionoftheautomobileissomewhattypicalofotherproductsinoursociety.Electronicshasrepeatedlyimprovedtheperformanceofmechanicalsystems,butthatinnovationhasbeenmorebyserendipitythanbydesign.Andthatistheessenceofmechatronics-thepreplannedapplicationof,mechanicalandelectronicstechnologytocreateanoptimumproduct.这个过程,描述了在我们的社会中汽车的进化过程中有些典型的其他产品。电子一再提高机械系统的性能,但是,创新比设计更有可能。这是机电一体化应用的本质，机械和电子技术来创造一个最佳的产品。ArecentU.S.Departmentofcommercereportentitled“JTECHPanelreportonMechatronicsinJapan”comparedU.S.andJapaneseresearchanddevelopmenttrendsinspecificareasofmechatronicstechnology.Exceptforafewareas,thetechnologynecessarytoaccomplishthedevelopmentofthenextgenerationofsystemsembodyingtheprinciplesofmechatronicsisfullywithinthetechnologicalreachoftheJapanese.最近美国商务部的报告题为“JTECH小组报告日本的机电一体化“相比美国和日本在特定领域的机电一体化技术的研究和发展趋势。除了少数地区,开发下一代系统需要创新技术体现机电一体化的原则上是必须在其技术达到的日本的程度Comparisonsweremadeinthreecategories:basicresearch,advanceddevelopment,，andproductimplementation.Exceptformachinevisionandsoftware,JapanesebasicresearchwascomparabletotheUnitedStates,withtheJapaneseclosinginfastonmachinevisionsystemtechnology..Japaneseartificialintelligenceresearchisfallingbehind,primarilybecausetheJapanesedonotconsideritanessentialingredientoftheirfuturesystems,theyappea