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桑德伯格哈佛商学院毕业演讲ThespeechgivenbyFacebookCOO,SherylKaraSandbergatHarvardUniversityIt’sanhonortobeheretodaytoaddressHBS’sdistinguishedfaculty,proudparents,patientguests,andmostimportantly,theclassof2012.TodaywassupposedtobeadayofunbridledcelebrationandIknowthat’snolongertrue.IjoinallofyouingrievingforyourclassmateNate.Therearenowordswhichcanmakethisbetter.Thoughladenwithsadness,todaystillmarksadistinctandimpressiveachievementforthisclass.Sopleasejoinmeingivingourwarmestcongratulationstothisclass.WhenDeanNohriaaskedmetospeakheretoday,Ithought,cometalktoagroupofpeoplewayyoungerandcoolerthanIam?Icandothat.IdothateverydayatFacebook.Ilikebeingsurroundedbyyoungpeople,exceptwhentheysaytome,“Whatwasitlikebeingincollegewithouttheinternet?”orworse,”Sheryl,canyoucomehere?Weneedtoseewhatoldpeoplethinkofthisfeature.”WhenIwasastudenthere17yearsago,IstudiedsocialmarketingwithProfessorKashRangan.OneofthemanyexamplesKashusedtoexplaintheconceptofsocialmarketingwasthelackoforgandonorsinthiscountry,whichkills18peopleeverysingleday.Earlierthismonth,Facebooklaunchedatooltosupportorgandonations,somethingthatstemsdirectlyfromKash’swork.Kash,weareallgratefulforyourdedication.SANDBERG’SHARVARDSECTIONTRIEDTOHAVETHESCHOOL’SFIRSTONLINECLASSItwasn’treallythatlongagowhenIwassittingwhereyouare,buttheworldhaschangedanawfullot.Mysection,sectionB,triedtohaveHBS’sfirstonlineclass.WehadtouseanAOLchatroomanddialupservice.(Yourparentscanexplaintoyoulaterwhatdial-upserviceis.)Wehadtopassoutalistofscreennamesbecauseitwasunthinkabletoputyourrealnameontheinternet.Anditneverworked.Itkeptcrashing.Theworldjustwasn’tsetupfor90peopletocommunicateatonceonline.Butforafewbriefmoments,weglimpsedthefuture–afuturewheretechnologywouldpowerwhoweareandconnectustoourrealcolleagues,ourrealfamily,ourrealfriends.Itusedtobethatinordertoreachmorepeoplethanyoucouldtalktoinaday,youhadtoberichandfamousandpowerful.Youhadtobeacelebrity,apolitician,aCEO.Butthat’snottruetoday.Nowordinarypeoplehavevoice,notjustthoseofusluckytogotoHBS,butanyonewithaccesstoFacebook,Twitter,amobilephone.Thisisdisruptingtraditionalpowerstructuresandlevelingtraditionalhierarchy.Controlandpowerareshiftingfrominstitutionstoindividuals,fromthehistoricallypowerfultothehistoricallypowerless.AndallofthisishappeningsomuchfasterthanIcouldhaveimaginedwhenIwassittingwhereyouaretoday–andMarkZuckerbergwas11yearsold.‘WEWOULDN’TEVENTHINKABOUTHIRINGSOMEONELIKEYOU’Astheworldbecomesmoreconnectedandlesshierarchical,traditionalcareerpathsareshiftingaswell.In2001,afterworkinginthegovernment,ImovedouttoSiliconValleytotrytofindajob.Mytimingwasn’treallythatgood.Thebubblehadcrashed.Smallcompanieswereclosing.Bigcompanieswerelayingpeopleoff.OneCEOlookedatmeandsaid,“wewouldn’teventhinkabouthiringsomeonelikeyou.”AfterawhileIhadafewoffersandIhadtomakeadecision,sowhatdidIdo?IamMBAtrained,soImadeaspreadsheet.Ilistedmyjobsinthecolumnsandmycriteriaintherows.OneofthejobsonthatsheetwastobecomeGoogle’sfirstBusinessUnitgeneralmanager,whichsoundsgoodnow,butatthetimenoonethoughtconsumerinternetcompaniescouldevermakemoney.Iwasnotsuretherewasactuallyajobthereatall;Googlehadnobusinessunits,sowhatwastheretogenerallymanage?AndthejobwasseverallevelslowerthanjobsIwasbeingofferedatothercompanies.SoIsatdownwithEricSchmidt,whohadjustbecometheCEO,andIshowedhimthespreadsheetandIsaid,thisjobmeetsnoneofmycriteria.Heputhishandonmyspreadsheetandhelookedatmeandsaid,“Don’tbeanidiot.”EXCELLENTCAREERADVICE:‘GETONAROCKETSHIP’Excellentcareeradvice.Andthenhesaid,“Getonarocketship.Whencompaniesaregrowingquicklyandhavingalotofimpact,careerstakecareofthemselves.Andwhencompaniesaren’tgrowingquicklyortheirmissionsdon’tmatterasmuch,that’swhenstagnationandpoliticscomein.Ifyou’reofferedaseatonarocketship,don’taskwhatseat.Justgeton.”Aboutsixandone-halfyearslater,whenIwasleavingGoogle,Itookthatadvicetoheart.IwasofferedCEOjobsatabunchofcompanies,butIwenttoFacebookasCOO.Atthetimepeoplesaid,whyareyougoingtoworkfora23-year-old?THEMETAPHORFORACAREERISNOLONGERALADDER;IT’SAJUNGLEGYMThetraditionalmetaphorforcareersisaladder,butInolongerthinkthatmetaphorholds.Itjustdoesn’tmakesenseinalesshierarchicalworld.WhenIwasfirstatFacebook,awomannamedLoriGoler,a1997graduateofHBS,wasworkinginmarketingateBayandIknewherabitsocially.Shecalledmeandsaid,“IwanttotalkwithyouaboutcomingtoworkwithyouatFacebook.SoIthoughtaboutcallingyouandtellingyouallthethingsI’mgoodatandallthethingsIliketodo.ButIfiguredthateveryoneisdoingthat.SoinsteadIwanttoknowwhat’syourbiggestproblemandhowcanIsolveit?”Myjawhitthefloor.I’dhiredthousandsofpeopleuptothatpointinmycareer,butnoonehadeversaidanythinglikethat.Ihadneversaidanythinglikethat.Jobsearchesarealwaysaboutthejobsearcher,butnotinLori’scase.Isaid,“You’rehired.Mybiggestproblemisrecruitingandyoucansolveit.”SoLorichangedfieldsintosomethingsheneverthoughtshe’ddo,wentdownaleveltostartinanewfield.ShehassincebeenpromotedandrunsallofPeopleOperationsatFacebookandisdoinganextraordinaryjob.Lorihasagreatmetaphorforcareers.Shesaysthey’renotaladder,they’reajunglegym.LOOKFORGROWTH,I