Chapter09曼昆经济学

247Chapter9Application:InternationalTradeMULTIPLECHOICE1.WhengoodsthatareproducedintheUnitedStatesaresoldtoChina,thegoodsarea.exportedbytheUnitedStatesandimportedbyChina.b.importedbytheUnitedStatesandexportedbyChina.c.exportedbytheUnitedStatesandexportedbyChina.d.importedbytheUnitedStatesandimportedbyChina.ANSWER:a.exportedbytheUnitedStatesandimportedbyChina.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:22.WhentheUnitedStatesengagesininternationaltradewithChina,a.ChinareapseconomicbenefitsandtheUnitedStatesloses.b.bothChinaandtheUnitedStatesreapeconomicbenefits.c.itisanequaltradeoffsoneithercountrybenefitsnorloses.d.ChinalosesandtheUnitedStatesreapseconomicbenefits.ANSWER:b.bothChinaandtheUnitedStatesreapeconomicbenefits.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:23.WhenFordandGeneralMotorsimportautomobilepartsfromMexicoatpricesbelowthosetheymustpayintheUnitedStates,a.workerswhoassembleFordandGeneralMotorsvehiclesbecomeworseoff.b.UnitedStatesconsumers,takenasagroup,becomeworseoff.c.Mexicanconsumers,takenasagroup,becomeworseoff.d.Americancompaniesthatmanufactureautomobilepartsbecomeworseoff.ANSWER:d.Americancompaniesthatmanufactureautomobilepartsbecomeworseoff.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:24.AnindustrythatwasamajorpartoftheU.S.economyacenturyagobutisnotnowisthea.agricultureindustry.b.textileandclothingindustry.c.coalminingindustry.d.automobileindustry.ANSWER:b.textileandclothingindustry.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:15.OnereasonforthedeclineintheU.S.textileindustrywasa.foreigncompetition.b.anincreaseinrawmaterialprices.c.adecreaseinU.S.demandforclothing.d.theenactmentoftheU.S.minimumwagelaw.ANSWER:a.foreigncompetition.TYPE:MSECTION:0DIFFICULTY:16.Countriesusuallyimposerestrictionsonfreeforeigntradetoprotecta.foreignproducers.b.foreignconsumers.c.domesticproducers.d.domesticconsumers.ANSWER:c.domesticproducers.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:2248Chapter9/Application:InternationalTrade7.Ifacountryallowstradeandthedomesticpriceofagoodishigherthantheworldprice,a.thecountrywillbecomeanexporterofthegood.b.thecountrywillbecomeanimporterofthegood.c.thecountrywillneitherexportnorimportthegood.d.additionalinformationaboutdemandisneededtodeterminewhetherthecountrywillexportorimportthegood.ANSWER:b.thecountrywillbecomeanimporterofthegood.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:28.Ifacountryallowstradeandthedomesticpriceofagoodislowerthantheworldprice,a.thecountrywillbecomeanexporterofthegood.b.thecountrywillbecomeanimporterofthegood.c.thecountrywillneitherexportnorimportthegood.d.additionalinformationaboutdemandisneededtodeterminewhetherthecountrywillexportorimportthegood.ANSWER:a.thecountrywillbecomeanexporterofthegood.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:29.Foranycountry,iftheworldpriceofcomputersishigherthanthedomesticpriceofcomputers,thatcountryshoulda.exportcomputers,sincethatcountryhasacomparativeadvantageincomputers.b.importcomputers,sincethatcountryhasacomparativeadvantageincomputers.c.nottradecomputers,sincethatcountrycannotgainfromtrade.d.nottrade,sincetheyalreadyproducecomputerscheaperthanothercountries.ANSWER:a.exportcomputers,sincethatcountryhasacomparativeadvantageincomputers.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:210.Iftheworldpriceofaproductishigherthanacountry’sdomesticpriceweknowthatcountrya.shouldimportthatproduct.b.shouldnolongerproducethatproduct.c.hasacomparativeadvantageinthatproduct.d.couldbenefitbyimposingatariffonthatproduct.ANSWER:c.hasacomparativeadvantageinthatproduct.TYPE:MKEY1:DSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:211.IftheUnitedStatesexportscarstoFranceandimportscheesefromSwitzerland,a.theUnitedStateshasacomparativeadvantageinproducingcars,andSwitzerlandhasacomparativeadvantageinproducingcheese.b.theUnitedStateshasacomparativeadvantageinproducingcheese,andSwitzerlandhasacomparativeadvantageinproducingcars.c.theUnitedStatesandFrancewouldbothbebetteroffiftheyeachproducedcarsandcheese.d.Comparativeadvantagecannotbedeterminedwithoutknowingabsoluteprices.ANSWER:a.theUnitedStateshasacomparativeadvantageinproducingcars,andSwitzerlandhasacomparativeadvantageinproducingcheese.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:312.Tradeamongnationsisultimatelybasedona.absoluteadvantage.b.politicaladvantage.c.comparativeadvantage.d.technicaladvantage.ANSWER:c.comparativeadvantage.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:113.Acountryhasacomparativeadvantageinaproductiftheworldpriceisa.lowerthanitsdomesticprice.b.higherthanitsdomesticprice.c.equaltoitsdomesticprice.d.Noneoftheabovearecorrect.ANSWER:b.higherthanitsdomesticprice.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:2Chapter9/Application:InternationalTrade24914.Acountryhasacomparativeadvantageinaproductifa.itcanproduceaproductmoreefficiently.b.itsdomesticpriceisbelowtheworldprice.c.itsdomesticpriceisabovetheworldprice.d.itcanbenefitfromimportingtheproduct.ANSWER:b.itsdomesticpriceisbelowtheworldprice.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:215.Tradeisbeneficialbecauseita.createsjobsformiddlemen.b.createsjobsforshippers.c.allowseachnationtoapplyeconomicpressureonothernations.d.allowseachnationtospecializeindoingwhatitdoesbest.ANSWER:d.allowseachnationtospecializeindoingwhatitdoesbest.TYPE:MSECTION:1DIFFICULTY:116.Whentw