英美文学常识(戏剧)Drama

DramaWhatIsDrama?WhatmakesDramadifferentfromotherformsofliterature(fiction,poetry)?Adramaisastoryenactedonstageforaliveaudience.Actors,audience,stage,setting,lighting,music…Namesomeofthedifferencesbyprovidingparticularaspectsaboutdrama.Forexample:Liketheplotofastory,theplotofaplayinvolvescharacterswhofaceaproblemorconflict.Climaxpointofhighesttension;actiondetermineshowtheconflictwillberesolvedResolutionconflictisresolved;playendsComplicationstensionbuildsExpositioncharactersandconflictareintroducedDramaticStructurePossibleFormsofConflictsAwrongtoberightedAmisunderstandingtobeclearedupAproblemtobesolvedAmoraldilemmatoberesolvedAnenemytobeovercomeAwomantobewon…Atragedyisaplaythatendsunhappily.•Tragediespithumanlimitationsagainstthelargerforcesofdestiny.rightandwrongjusticeandinjusticelifeanddeathTragedy•MostclassicGreektragediesdealwithserious,universalthemessuchasTheprotagonistofmostclassicaltragediesisatragichero.Thishero•isnobleandinmanywaysadmirable•hasatragicflaw,apersonalfailingthatleadstoatragicendrebelliousnessjealousyarroganceTragedygreedAcomedyisaplaythatendshappily.Theplotusuallycentersonaromanticconflict.boymeetsgirlboylosesgirlboywinsgirlComedyThemaincharactersinacomedycouldbeanyone:nobilitypetstownspeopleComedyAmodernplay•usuallyisaboutordinarypeople•maybetragedy,comedy,oramixtureofthetwo•usuallyfocusesonpersonalissuesModernDramaWhenyoureadaplay,rememberthatitismeanttobeperformedforanaudience.StageDirectionsPlaywrightdescribessettingandcharacters’actionsandmanner.[Wyonaissittingonthecouch.SheseesPaulandjumpstoherfeet.]Wyona.[Angrily.]Whatdoyouwant?PerformanceofaPlayPerformanceTheaterartistsbringtheplaywright’svisiontolifeonthestage.Theaudiencerespondstotheplayandsharestheexperience.PerformanceofaPlayTheaterartistsincludeActorsDirectorsLightingtechniciansStagecrewProsceniumstageSettingtheStage•Theplayingareaextendsbehindanopeningcalleda“prosceniumarch.”•Theaudiencesitsononesidelookingintotheaction.upstagedownstagestageleftstagerightScenedesigntransformsabarestageintotheworldoftheplay.Scenedesignconsistsof•props•sets•costumes•lightingSettingtheStageAstage’ssetmightberealisticanddetailedSettingtheStageabstractandminimalAlightingdirectorskillfullyuseslighttochangethemoodandappearanceoftheset.SettingtheStageThecostumedirectorworkswiththedirectortodesigntheactors’costumes.•Likesets,costumescanbedetailedminimalSettingtheStageProps(shortforproperties)areitemsthatthecharacterscarryorhandleonstage.•Thepersoninchargeofpropsmustmakesurethattherightpropsareavailabletotheactorsattherightmoments.SettingtheStageThecharacters’speechmaytakeanyofthefollowingforms.Dialogue:conversationsofcharactersonstageMonologue:longspeechgivenbyonecharactertoothersSoliloquy:speechbyacharacteraloneonstagetohimselforherselfortotheaudienceAsides:remarksmadetotheaudienceortoonecharacter;theothercharactersonstagedonothearanasideTheCharactersFinally,aplayneedsanaudiencetoexperiencetheperformanceunderstandthestoryrespondtothecharactersTheAudiencePracticeIActaccordingtothesituationShoppingDrivingDiningTakingatestWaitingWatchingafilmPracticeIIALPHABETConversationHaveaconversationwhereeachsentencebeginswiththenextletterofthealphabet.Hereisanexample:A:Anyoneseenmycat?B:Blackone,withfunnyeyes?A:Can'tsayIremember.B:Don'ttellmeyou'veforgottenwhatitlookslike?A:Everycatlooksthesametome.B:Fortunately,IfoundoneyesterdayA:Gee,that'sgreat!