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定语从句复习定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。WhatisanAttributiveClause?定义：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句其他部分组成部分Forexample•Theteacherswhoaresittinginthebackoftheclassaremycolleagues.先行词关系词定语从句先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语主宾主宾关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhen注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。2.whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/ofwhomThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.关系代词that和which的区别1.宜用that引导的定语从句(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或whom。例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。2.宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.heItrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.itas和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。(3)当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断改错1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.4.I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.FFTT方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。区分定语从句和同位语从句1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.Exercises1.Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,________mademeveryhappy.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which2.Lookatthewatch.Don’tyouseeitis_______watch________Helenlosttheotherday?A.asthesame;asB.thesame;asC.thesame;whichD.asthesame;that3.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis7.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__________didn’thelp.A.whichB.itC.sheD.he8.________isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What9.Isthistheonlyreason______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatheexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.whyheexplainedD.whichheexplainedHomeworkSummarizetherulesofattributiveclause.