分离乙醇-水混合液的浮阀精馏塔设计1设计题目:分离乙醇-水混合液的浮阀精馏塔设计2原始数据及条件生产能力:年处理乙醇-水混合液11.0万吨(开工率300天/年)原料:乙醇含量为20%(质量百分比,下同)的常温液体分离要求:塔顶乙醇含量不低于95%塔底乙醇含量不高于0.2%建厂地址:沈阳3.4.2塔板的工艺设计1精馏塔全塔物料衡算F:原料液流量(kmol/s)xF:原料组成(摩尔分数,下同)D:塔顶产品流量(kmol/s)xD:塔顶组成W:塔底残液流量(kmol/s)xW:塔底组成原料乙醇组成:%91.818/8046/2046/20Fx塔顶组成:%14.8818/546/9546/95Dx塔底组成:%078.018/8.9946/2.046/2.0Wx进料量:smolF/k2071.036002430018/2.0146/2.0101011/0.1134年万吨物料衡算式:WDFWDFWxDxFx联立代入求解:D=0.0208kmol/s,W=0.1863kmol/s2常压下乙醇-水气液平衡组成(摩尔)与温度关系温度/℃液相气相温度/℃液相气相温度/℃液相气相1000082.723.3754.4579.357.3268.4195.51.9017.0082.326.0855.8078.7467.6373.8589.07.2138.9181.532.7359.2678.4174.7278.1586.79.6643.7580.739.6561.2278.1589.4389.4385.312.3847.0479.850.7965.6484.116.6150.8979.751.9865.991温度利用表中数据由拉格朗日插值可求得tF、tD、tW①tF:21.70.890.8966.921.77.860.89FttF=87.41℃②tD:43.8914.8815.7872.7443.8941.7815.78DttD=78.17℃③tW:0078.010090.105.95100WttW=99.82℃④精馏段平均温度:79.82217.7841.8721DFttt℃⑤提馏段平均温度:61.9322WFttt℃2密度已知:混合液密度:BBAALaa1(a为质量分数,为平均相对分子质量)混合气密度:004.22TppTv⑴精馏段:t1=82.79℃液相组成x1:(84.1-82.7)/(16.61-23.37)=(82.79-82.7)/(x1-23.37)x1=22.94%气相组成y1:(84.1-82.7)/(50.89-54.45)=(82.79-82.7)/(y1-54.45)y1=54.22%所以ML1=46*0.2294+18*(1-0.2294)=24.42kg/kmolMV1=46*0.5422+18*(1-0.5422)=33.18kg/kmol⑵提馏段t2=93.61℃液相组成x2:(95.5-89.0)/(1.9-7.21)=(93.61-89.0)/(x2-7.21)x2=3.44%气相组成y2:(95.5-89.0)/(17.00-38.91)=(93.61-89.0)/(y2-38.91)y2=23.37%所以ML1=46*0.0344+18*(1-0.0344)=18.96kg/kmolMV1=46*0.2337+18*(1-0.2337)=24.54kg/kmol由不同温度下乙醇和水的密度温度/℃)/(3mkgc)/(3mkgw80735971.885730968.690724965.395720961.85100716958.4求得在t1与t2下的乙醇和水的密度(单位:3mkg)。t1=82.79℃(85-80)/(968.6-971.8)=(82.79-80)/(乙-735)乙=732.21kg/m3(85-80)/(968.6-971.8)=(82.79-80)/(水-971.8)水=970.01kg/m3同理:t2=93.61℃,,乙=721.11kg/m3,水=962.81kg/m3在精馏段:液相密度L1:1/L1=0.2294*46/(0.2294*46+18*(1-0.2294))/732.21+(1-0.4321)/970.01L1=851.06kg/m3汽相密度:V1=33.18*273.15/22.4/(273.15+82.79)=1.14kg/m3在精馏段:液相密度L2:1/L2=0.0344*46/(0.0344*46+18*(1-0.0344))/732.21+(1-0.08345)/962.81L2=936.62kg/m3汽相密度:V2=24.54*273.15/22.4/(273.15+93.61)=0.819kg/m33混合液体表面张力二元有机物-水溶液表面张力可用下列公式计算公式:4/1004/14/1SWSWm注:00VxVxVx,00000VxVxVxWWSSWSWVx,SSSVVx000Blg(0wq),3/23/200441.0WWVqVTqQQBA,02lgSSWA,10SSW式中,下角标w、o、s分别代表水,有机物及表面部分;Wx、0x指主体部分的分子数;WV、0V指主体部分的分子体积;W、0为纯水、有机物的表面张力;对乙醇q=2①精馏段79.821t℃由不同温度下乙醇和水的表面张力温度/℃乙醇表面张力/(1310mN)水表面张力/(1310mN)701864.38017.1562.69016.260.710015.258.8mol/cm15.2106.85118mV3wwmmol/cm35.4014.146mV3ooo乙醇表面张力:乙醇2.1615.172.1679.82908090,885.16乙醇水表面张力:水7.6079.82906.627.608090,070.62水46.1)35.402294.015.217706.0(35.402294.015.21)2294.01(VxVXVxVx1)VXVx(Vx)Vx(2oowwoo2wooowwoo2wwo2w因为xD=0.2294,所以xW=1-0.2294=0.7706146.046.1lg)lg(Bow2930.012.21070.622035.40885.1615.27379.822441.0VqVTq441.0Q3/23/23/2ww3/2oo766.0930.0164.0QBA联立方程组sc2swlgA,1scsw代入求得270.0sw,740.0so4/14/14/1m885.16740.0070.62270.0,99.25m精馏段61.93t2℃mol/cm22.1962.93618mV3'ww'wmol/cm17.56819.046mV3'oo'o乙醇表面张力:乙醇'2.1561.931002.162.1590100,839.15'乙醇水表面张力:水'8.5861.931007.608.5890100,014.60'水72.10)17.560344.022.199656.0(17.560344.022.19)0344.01(2o2w因为0344.0x'D所以9656.00344.01x'W14.178.13lg)lg(Bow2'825.022.19014.60266.36839.1515.27361.932441.0Q3/23/2'315.0825.014.1QBA'''联立方程组sc'2sw''lgA,1sc'sw2代入求得737.0sw',263.0so',03.444/1m(4)混合物的粘度℃79.82t1,查表得:sPam3439.0水,sPam433.0醇℃61.93t2,查表得:sPam298.0'水,sPam381.0'醇精馏段粘度:smPa3634.0)2294.01(3439.02294.0433.01提馏段粘度:smPa3009.0)0344.01(298.00344.0381.02(5)相对挥发度①精馏段挥发度:由,得,所以②提馏段挥发度:由,得,所以56.80344.07663.09656.02337.0xyxy'A'B'B'A'(6)气液相体积流量计算根据x-y图得:713.20891.07663.03025.08814.0xyyxRqqqDmin取①精馏段:s/kmol086.00208.007.4RDLs/kmol1054.00208.0)107.4(D)1R(V已知:kmol/kg42.24M1L,kmol/kg18.33M1Vkmol/kg06.8511L,kmol/kg14.11V则有质量流量:s/kg1.2086.042.24LML1L1s/kg497.31054.018.33VMV1V1体积流量:s/m1047.206.8511.2LL331L11ss/m07.314.1497.3VV31V11s②提馏段:因本设计为饱和液体进料,所以1qs/kmol2931.02071.0086.0qFLL's/kmol1054.0F1qVV'已知:kmol/kg96.18M2L,kmol/kg54.24M2Vkmol/kg62.9362L,kmol/kg819.02V则有质量流量:s/kg5571.52931.096.18LML'2L2s/kg5865.21054.054.24VMV'2V2体积流量:s/m1093.562.9365571.5LL332L22ss/m158.3819.05865.2VV32V22s3理论塔板的计算理论板:指离开这种板的气液两相互成平衡,而且塔板上液相组成均匀。理论板的计算方法:可采用逐板计算法,图解法,在本次实验设计中采用图解法。根据Pa1001325.15下,乙醇—水的气液平衡组成关系可绘出平衡曲线,即x-y曲线图,q=1,即q为一直线,本平衡具有下凹部分,操作线尚未落到平衡线前,已与平衡线相切,如图(图略):0891.0xq,3025.0yq,所以713.2Rmin,操作回流比已知:精馏段操作线方程:提馏段操作线方程:00136.0x744.2ym1n在图上作操作线,由点(0.8814,0.8814)起在平衡线与操作线间画阶梯,过精馏段操作线与q线交点,直到阶梯与平衡线交点小于0.00078为止,由此得到理论板NT=26块(包括再沸器)加料板为第24块理论板。板效率与塔板结构、操作条件、物质的物理性质及流体及流体力学性质有关,它反映了实际塔板上传质过程进行的程度。板效率可用奥康奈尔公式245.0)(49.0LET计算。其中:——塔顶与塔底平均温度下的相对挥发度;L——塔顶与塔底平均温度下的液相粘度smPa⑴精馏段已知:98.3,smPa3643.01L所以:447.0)3643.098.3(49.0E245.0T5.51447.023ENNTTP精,故52NP精块⑵提馏段已知:56.8',smPa3009.02L所以:389.