选修8-UNIT3-词汇讲解

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泗州学校SizhouSchool高三英语选修八导学案编号:2014-课型:新授课上课时间:第1周主备人:沙千审核人:班级:小组:姓名:评价:Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.有志者事竟成.Unit3InventorsandinventionsKEYWORDSANDPHRASES1.callup给……打电话;使想起;回忆WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.(教材P20)当我打电话给乡下的母亲时,她显得焦躁不安。callback召唤某人回来;再访;回电话callfor需要;要求;接(人或物)callin邀请;请来callon拜访(人);号召callinon简短拜访callat拜访(某地)calloff取消Thegovernmentcallsontheyouthtodonatetheirbloodvoluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。Heisill;youshouldcallinthedoctorrightaway.他病了,你应该立即请大夫来。2.nowandthen偶尔;有时(=sometimes,butnotoften)Snakescomenearthehousenowandthen,andtheyseemtohavemadetheirhomehere,notfarfromthewalnuttree.(教材P20)蛇时不时地爬到屋边来,可见这几条蛇似乎是在胡桃树附近安家了。Wehaven'tseeneachotherforyears,butwechatonlinenowandthen.我们已有多年未见过面了;但是我们有时会上网聊一聊。表示“有时、偶尔”的词语有:(every)nowandagainfromtimetotimeattimesonceinawhileoccasionallyalittlenowandalittlethen【提示】fromtimetotime强调经常性;nowandthen等强调间歇性。3.Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.(教材P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己,我要发明某种仁慈的东西,既可以把蛇抓住又不会伤害到它们。(1)distinguishvt.&vi.显出……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别Peoplewhocannotdistinguishbetweencoloursaresaidtobecolour­blind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲①distinguishoneself(as)(作为……)表现突出;使自己与众不同;使自己成名distinguishbetween...and...区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from...使……有别于……;使……具有区别于……的特征distinguish...by...以……为特征②distinguishedadj.卓越的;杰出的;著名的③distinguishableadj.可区别的④distinctionn.区别(2)mercifuladj.宽大的;仁慈的Theyaskedhimtobemercifultotheprisoners.他们要求他对犯人要以慈悲为怀。①mercyn.仁慈,宽容show/havemercytosb.对某人仁慈shownomercytosb.对某人无情atthemercyof任由……摆布,在……掌握中It'samercy...[口语]……真是幸运!②mercifully幸运地;宽大地Theywerelostatseaatthemercyofwindandweather.他们在海上迷失,任由大风和天气摆布。It'samercythattheaccidenthappenedsonearthehospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。4.ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,but_there_only_seemed_to_bepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.(教材P20)我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品能帮助我。但是,似乎只有用来毒死蛇的药粉能用。(1)thereseemedtobe是therebe句型的变体,表示“似乎有……”。therebe句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有,存在”的词,如:live,stand,lie,remain,appear,seemtobe,come等。therebe结构是一个看似简单但命题空间很大的知识点。【提示】在“therebe...”句型中,be动词前可以加can,may,must,oughtto,usedto,happento,seemto,appearto等情态动词或动词短语。Therehappenedtobenooneintheroom.碰巧房间里没有人。5.setabout开始;着手(about是介词,其后常接名词或动名词)Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.(教材P20)我着手研究蛇的习性,以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。Shesetaboutthebusinessofcleaningthehouse.她动手打扫起房子来。Aftertheearthquake,thepeoplesetaboutrebuildingtheirhomes.地震过后,人们开始重建家园。setout出发,启程;开始setoff出发;动身besetin以……为背景setback阻碍某事物发展;把(钟表指针)往回拨setaside留出;对……不予考虑setdown记下;写下setup树立(榜样);设立;创立setfree释放;使……获得自由【对接高考】(2012·浙江)Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcan________preparingyourbusinessplan.A.setoutB.setaboutC.setoffD.setup6.Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.(教材P20)2它们一下子就消失在墙壁附近的洞里了。(1)abruptlyadv.突然地,意外地;唐突地Thetrainstoppedabruptly,nearlytippingmeoutofmybunk.火车突然停住,我差点儿从床位上摔下来。abruptadj.突然的,意外的;粗鲁的,唐突的,生硬的anabruptturn急转弯inanabruptmanner无礼的态度anabruptchange突然改变(2)convenientadj.方便的;适宜的;合适的;在近处的;近便的Willitbeconvenientforyoutostartworktomorrow?你明天开始工作方便吗?Ourhouseisconvenientfortheshops.我们家到商店很方便。①Itisconvenient(forsb.)todosth.(某人)干某事是方便的sth.isconvenient(forsb.)某事(对某人来说)是方便的if/whenitisconvenienttosb.如果某人方便的话②conveniencen.方便,便利atone'sconvenience在某人方便时Itisveryconvenienttopaybycreditcard.用信用卡付款非常方便。Canyoutelephonemeatyourconveniencetoarrangeameeting?你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话,安排见一次面?【提示】convenient主语不能是人。例如:“如果你方便的话”英语应表达为:ifitisconvenientto/foryou,而不应表达为:ifyouareconvenient。【对接高考】(2012·天津高考)Thesecretaryarrangeda(n)________timeandplacefortheapplicantstohaveaninterview.A.importantB.SpareC.publicD.convenient7.cautionn.小心;谨慎;警告ThistimewithgreatcautionIbentdowntoexaminethesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy.(教材P20)这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候,发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。Dadalwaysdriveswithcaution.爸爸开车一直十分小心。①withcaution小心地;谨慎地②cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的becautiousof/about...对……很小心/谨慎8.expectationn.预料;期待;期望Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.(教材P21)这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。It'sourexpectationthatyouwilldoitwell.我们期待你干得出色。Shelookedatmewithexpectation.她满怀期待地看着我。①comeuptoone'sexpectations达到某人的期望liveuptoone'sexpectations不辜负某人的期望inexpectationof/that...预料beyondexpectations出乎意料againstexpectations与预期相反②expectvt.预料;预计;期待;期望expectthat...预料……expect(sb.)todosth.期望(某人)做某事;预料(某人)做某事【提示】expectation意思为“期望的事物,前景”时,常用复数。9.seizevt.抓住;捉住;夺Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulideabysendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.(P21)由于亲戚和朋友的敦促,我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去,请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。Heseizedherbythearm/wrist.他抓住她的胳膊seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会/时机seizesb.bythearm抓住某人的手臂seizeon/upon突然大为关注,抓住(可利用的事物)seizeup停止运转,发生故障;(身体)发僵【提示】表示“抓住/打在某人的某个部位”时常用:seize/hitsb.on/in/bythe+身体部位10.Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition_can_you_saythatyouaretrulyaninventor.(教材P21)只有你已经获得了那种认证,你才能说自己是一个真正的发明者。only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时,句子需部分倒装。OnlythendidIknowtheimportanceoflearning.直到那时我才知道了学习的重要性。Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.只有用这种办法我们才能解决问题。Onlywhenhefinishestheworkcanhegohome.只有在做完工作之后,他才能回家。【提示】①当有从句时,倒装的是主句,从句不倒装。②当only修饰其状语不位于句首,或位于句首的only用来修饰的不是状语,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