托福阅读讲义1

托福阅读讲义20141托福阅读第一课1.Vocabulary词汇题每篇文章3-5个，相当于全部问题的1/3不但有词，还有词组基本题型构成：Thewordxxxinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto...Thephrasexxxinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto...CaseexampleReadthepassageandanswerthequestions.“Potholes”areephemeralbodiesofwaterthatcanstretchanywherefromseveralmeterstoafewmillimetersindepth.Theytypicallyaccommodateanamazingandrichvarietyofanimalandplantlife,buttheyarepronetowild,suddenfluctuations,particularlyiftheyarerelativelyshallow.Forexample,inhotanddryweather,thewaterinpotholescanreachscorchingtemperatures,beforecompletelyevaporating,leavingallbutthehardiestorganismsunabletosurvive.ThewordephemeralinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoDA.short-livedB.valuableC.wideD.irregularThewordaccommodateinthepassageisclosestinmeaingtoAA.containB.overseeC.exposeD.attractThephrasearepronetointhepassageisclosestinmeaningtoAAarerepresentedbyB.tendtoexperienceCareabletoD.havetoreflect1.典型的托福用词汇e.g.sporadicintermittentoccasionalcardinalprincipalchief托福阅读讲义20142dwindlediminishdecrease2.具有多义的基本词汇3.短语表达e.g.shedlighton;clarifycopewith;takecareofsufferparalysis;cannotmovesmartsolution:增加词汇量；深度理解基本词汇A理解词义B活用上下文确定是否和内容一致“Potholes”areephemeralbodiesofwaterthatcanstretchanywherefromseveralmeterstoafewmillimetersindepth.Theytypicallyaccommodateanamazingandrichvarietyofanimalandplantlife,buttheyarepronetowild,suddenfluctuations,particularlyiftheyarerelativelyshallow.Forexample,inhotanddryweather,thewaterinpotholescanreachscorchingtemperatures,beforecompletelyevaporating,leavingallbutthehardiestorganismsunabletosurvive.符合逻辑的线索并列Manyanimalspossesssurprisingintelligenceandsomeofthemcancommunicatewithotherorganismsinsophisticatedways.让步OldremnantsofGreekpotteryarestillveryhelpful,evenwhennotentirelyintact.对照Whereoncetherewasanapparentdistinctionbetweenliberaleducationandvocationaleducation,thelinebetweenthetwohasnowbecomeblurred.因果AllofOctavian’sdomesticenemieshadbeendefeated,soheseveredtieswithMarcAntonyandbeganraisinghisownarmy.详细说明部分Theirrelationshipisbasedonthemutualbenefitswhichtheyprovideeachother.举例部分ItisalegalrequirementthatroyaltiesbepaidwheneverareplicaismadeofEgyptianantiquitiessuchasthepyramidsortheSphinx.托福阅读讲义201432.fact/negativefact(事实/否定事实题)每段短文一般有fact类型题3-5个，negativefact问题一般有0-1个。特点：出现频率较高，但只对一段内容而不是全文信息的考察，较容易。基本题型构成：Accordingtoparagraphxxx,.......?Accordingtoparagraphxxx,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue....?CaseexampleReadthepassageandanswerthequestions.TheMinoancivilizationwasaBronzeAgeculturethatisbelievedtohavethrivedontheislandofCretefromaround2700to1450BC.Reachingsofarbackintoantiquity,itisimpossibletoverifyanexacttimelineoftheMinoan.However,usingremainsofMinoanpottery,aswellasotherarchaeologicalevidencefoundatancientpalacesites,researchershavebeenabletotracethegeneraldevelopmentofMinoansociety.Theearliestknownpotterywaslargelyfunctional.Hand-made,asopposedtolaterworksthatwerecreatedwiththehelpofapotterywheel,thesepieceswerefashionedintoroughjarandcupshapes.Theytendedtohavesimple,linearpatterns,andtheywereoftenadullredorbrowncolor.accordingtoparagraph1,theruinsatMinoanpalacesitesareusedto.AverifythelocationofthefirsthumansettlementsonCrete.Bcomparecommonpotterywithexpensiveworksownedbythewealthy.ChelpsketcharoughchronologyofancientMinoanculture.DillustratecommonthemesinMinoanartandarchitecture.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutearlyMinoanpottery?Aithadanunsophisticateddesign.Bitwasfashionedusingamechanicalwheel.Cithadareputationforbeingpractical.Ditwasmoldedintounevenshapes.Smartsolution:1.找关健词Accordingtoparagraph1,theruinsatMinoanpalacesitesareusedto2.找原文中出现关健词的部分3.分析关键词周边部分的核心内容托福阅读讲义20144ParaphrasingTracethegeneraldevelopmentofMinoansociety---C:helpsketcharoughchronologyofancientMinoanculture整体转述Simple,linearpatterns,andtheywereoftenadullredorbrowncolor---A:unsophisticateddesignLargelyfunctional---C:reputationforbeingpractical同义词转述Fashionedintoroughjarandcupshapes---D:moldedintounevenshapes单词和短语之间的转述错误答案类型和正确答案的特点：Fact题型AverifythelocationofthefirsthumansettlementsonCrete.Bcomparecommonpotterywithexpensiveworksownedbythewealthy.ChelpsketcharoughchronologyofancientMinoanculture.DillustratecommonthemesinMinoanartandarchitecture.Negativefact题型Hand-made,asopposedtolaterworksthatwerecreatedwiththehelpofapotterywheel,thesepieceswerefashionedintoroughjarandcupshapes.→(negativefact)Bitwasfashionedusingamechanicalwheel.托福阅读讲义201453.Textinsertion(插入文字题)文章顺序的安排每篇文章都有一个，一般放在倒数第二题特点：费时问题形式：Lookatthefoursquares(■)thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?例题分析1.已经给出指示词：such/they/this/that2.连接语作为提示：furthermore出题意图：1.考生是否理解文章内部逻辑关系（段落之间，段落内部）2.是否知道段落间重要的指示词和连词的作用Smartsolution:决定答题顺序1详读插入文章内容，找出是否存在提示词Similarly,honeycreepersnativetotheHawaiianislandsareunderthreatfromavianmalariacarriedbyintroducedbirdspecies.2.解读插入文章的提示词的意思3.根据提示词的意思找出适合的插入句【B】(the1stexample)AmericangreysquirrelsthatwereintroducedtotheUnitedKingdom,forexample,carryadeadlypoxviruswhichhasthepotentialtowipeoutthenativeredsquirrelpopulation.【C】(shouldbethe2ndexample)4.代入进行验证，是否