搜索
《机电专业英语》考试题一．翻译词汇mechatronic机电一体化（技术）sensor传感器actuator执行元件，执行结构Feedback反馈deviation偏差hydraulic液压的machinetool机床geometricmodeling几何建模job-lotamount单批量maintenance维护pallet随行夹具robot机器人drill钻床，钻头Lathe车床mill铣床shaper牛头刨床planer龙门刨床grinder磨床tap攻丝pulley滑轮shaft轴bore镗削screw螺杆tolerance公差torque转矩nut螺母spring弹簧key键bearing轴承coupling联结器clutch离合器diode二极管transistor三极管transistors晶体管integratedcircuit集成电路chip芯片capacitor电容器resistor电阻digital数字（式）的lever杠杆Servomechanism伺服机构closed-loop闭环actuator传动装置followingdevice随动装置troubleshoot故障排除二．汉译英1.机电一体化技术，电子学，机械学，智能数控，机器人学，信息技术，科学术语。Mechatronics,electronics,mechanics,intelligentcontrol,robotics.informationtechnology,scientificterm.2.机电一体化技术广泛用于汽车工业、机械工业以及国防工业。Mechatronicshasbeenapplyingwidelytoautoindustry,mechanicalindustryandnationaldefenseindustry.3.大多数的机加工主要是由五种基本的机床来完成。Moreofthemechanicaloperationsarecommonlyperformedonfivebasicmachinetools.4.伺服机构是一种闭环控制系统，系统中的控制变量是机械为主和运动。Aservomechanismisaclosed-loopcontrolsysteminwhichthecontrolledvariableismechanicalpositionormotion.5.可编程控制器，中央处理单元，微处理器，继电器，可编程逻辑控制器，热电偶，传感器Programmablecontroller,CPU,microprocessor,relay,ProgrammableLogicControllers(PLC),thermocouple,sensor6.在20世纪60年代的后期，发明了第一个可编程控制器，这是汽车工业在控制领域的第一场革命。Thefirstprogrammablecontrollerwasinvented,inthelate1960s;thisisthefirst“revolutionary”incontrolfieldinautomotiveindustry.三.翻译下列句子1．Althoughacamandfollowermaybedesignedformotion,path,orfunctiongeneration,themajorityofapplicationsutilizethecamandfollowerforfunctiongeneration.虽然可以把凸轮和它的从动件设计为用于运动变换，路径变换或者函数变换，但大多数用途是利用凸轮和它的从动件做函数变换。2.Inthecaseofadiskcamwitharadial(in-line)translatingrollerfollowerthesmallestcirclethatcanbedrawntangenttothecamsurfaceandconcentricwiththecamshaftisthebasecircle.对于一个对心直动滚子从动件盘形凸轮，可画出的与凸轮表面相切且与轮轴同心的最小圆是基圆3.Numerousapplicationsinautomaticmachineryrequireintermittentmotion.Atypicalexamplewillcallforarise-dwell-returnandperhapsanotherdwellperiodofaspecifiednumberofdegreeseach,togetherwitharequiredfollowerdisplacementmeasuredincentimetersordegrees.在自动化机械中的许多应用需要间歇运动。一个典型的例子将要求一个含有上升一停歇一返回和可能另一个停歇的周期，每阶段经过一个指定的角度，伴随着一个所要求的从动件的位移，这个位移以厘米或度来度量。4．Anytwomatingtoothprofilesthatsatisfythefundamentallawofgearingarecalledconjugateprofiles.任何满足齿轮传动基本定律的一对相互啮合齿廓称之为共轭齿廓。5.Althoughtherearemanytoothshapespossibleinwhichamatingtoothcouldbedesignedtosatisfythefundamentallaw,onlytwoareingeneraluse:thecycloidalandinvoluteprofiles.虽然可以设计出有很多齿廓来满足传动装置的基本定律，但通常所使用的只有两种：即摆线齿廓和渐开线齿廓。6.Typicalmethodsoffasteningandjoiningpartsincludetheuseofsuchitemsasbolts,nuts,capscrews,setscrews,rivets,lockingdevicesandkeys.紧固和联结零部件的典型方法包含使用这些零件：螺栓，螺母，有头螺钉、定位螺钉，铆钉，锁紧装置和键。7.Methodsofjoiningpartsareextremelyimportantintheengineeringofaqualitydesign,anditisnecessarytohaveathoroughunderstandingoftheperformanceoffastenersandjointsunderallconditionsofuseanddesign.在质量设计工程中，联结零部件的方法非常重要，因此，彻底了解紧固零件和联结零件在所有使用和设计条件下的性能是非常必要的。8.Whenaconnectionisdesiredwhichcanbedisassembledwithoutdestructingthepartsassembledandwhichisstrongenoughtoresistbothexternaltensileloadandshearload,oracombinationofthese,thenthesimpleboltedjointusinghardenedwashersisagoodsolution.当想要一个可以被拆开又不破坏被联接零件的联接时，而且这个联接又要有足够的强度以承受外拉力和剪力或这两种力的结合，使用淬火垫圈的简单螺栓联结是一个很好的方法。9.Theproblemofthespecialistinmechanicaldesignisnothowtodesignarollingbearingbut,rather,howtoselectone.在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，而是如何挑选轴承。10.Thetermantifrictionbearingisusedtodescribethatclassofbearinginwhichthemainloadistransferredthroughelementsinrollingcontactratherthaninslidingcontact.减摩轴承这个词被用于描述这样一类轴承，其主要载荷是通过滚动接触而不是滑动接触的元件传递的．四．翻译短文3.Thefour-barlinkagemaytakeformofaso-calledcrank-rockeroradouble-rockeroradouble-crank(drag-link)linkage,dependingontherangeofmotionofthetwolinksconnectedtothegroundlink.Theinputcrankofacrank-rockertypecanrotatecontinuouslythrough360,whiletheoutputlinkjustrocks(oroscillates).Asaparticularcase,inaparallelogramlinkage,wherethelengthoftheinputlinkequalsthatoftheoutputlinkandthelengthsofthecouplerandthegroundlinkarealsothesame,boththeinputandoutputlinkmayrotateentirelyaroundorswitchintoacrossedconfigurationcalledanantiparallelogramlinkage.[1]Grashof'scriteriastatesthatthesumoftheshortestandlongestlinksofaplanarfour-barlinkagecannotbegreaterthanthesumoftheremainingtwolinksifthereistobecontinuousrelativerotationbetweenanytwolinks.（四杆机构可具有一种称作曲柄摇杆机构的形式，一种双摇杆机构，一种双曲柄（拉杆）机构，致于称作哪一种形式的机构，取决于跟机架（固定构件）相连接的两杆的运动范围。曲柄摇杆机构的输入构件，曲柄可旋转通过360°并连续转动，而输出构件仅仅作摇动（即摇摆的杆件）。作为一个特例，在平行四杆机构中，输入杆的长度等于输出杆的长度，连接杆的长度和固定杆（机架）的长度，也是相等的。其输入和输出都可以作整周转动或者转换成称作反平行四边形机构的交叉结构。格拉肖夫准则（定理）表明：如果四杆机构中，任意两杆之间能作连续相对转动，那么，其最长杆长度与最短杆长度之和就小于或等于其余两杆长度之和。）4.Besideshavingknowledgeoftheextentoftherotationsofthelinks,itwouldbeusefultohaveameasureofhowwellamechanismmightrunbeforeactuallybuildingit.Hartenbergmentionsthatrunisatermthatmeanseffectivenesswithwhichmotionisimpartedtotheoutputlink;itimpliessmoothoperation,inwhichamaximumforcecomponentisavailabletoproduceaforceortorqueinanoutputmember.Althoughtheresultingoutputforceortorqueisnotonlyafunctionofthegeometryofthelinkage,butisgenerallytheresultofdynamicorinertiaforce,whichareoftenseveraltimesaslargeasthestaticfo