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TranslationofNominalClausesPresentedby王燕但孝敏卢盼盼Designedby杨文NominalClauses•SubjectClause•ObjectClause•PredictiveClause•AppositiveClauseSubjectClauseTypes:1.that,what,when,where,who,whose,which,whether+subject+predicate2.It+passivevoice+that3.It+predicate(predicative)+thatSubjectClause•Type1:that,what,when,where,who,whose,which,whether+subject+predicate——顺序译出•Ex.1.WhatstudentsfindmostdifficultinEnglishisitsidiomaticusage.学生感到英语最困难的地方是它的习惯用法。SubjectClause•2.Whenherparentswillcomehasn’tbeenunderconsideration.她的父母什么时候到来还没有纳入考虑。•3.Whereyoustumblebecomesyouropportunitytomakecorrections,tolearnandgrow.•跌倒的地方就是你改正错误、吸取教训、迅速成长的地方。SubjectClause•Type2:It+passivevoice+thatSubjectClause•4.Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisservicejustaswell;butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.•可能有人会提出，无线电广播同样能够做到这一点；但是在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加生动，更加真实。SubjectClause•Type3:•It+predicate(predicative)+thatSubjectClause•5.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatplantscannotgrowwithoutsunshine.•毋庸置疑，没有阳光，植物就不能生长。•6.Itisquiteobviousthatthegirlstilllovesyoudeeply.•很明显，这个女孩依然深爱着你。SubjectClause•7.Itisfrequentlythecasethathiscarbreaksdownonthehighway.•他的车在路上抛锚，这是常有的事儿。•8.ItisquitepossiblethatsomedayJohnwillcometoseeyouagain.•总有一天约翰会来找你的，这是很有可能的哦!ObjectClause•1.objectclausesintroducedbyordinaryconjunctionssuchaswhat,how,which,etc.•2.“it”isusedasformalobject•3.whenobjectclauseisbeforethemainclauseObjectClause•Type1：objectclausesintroducedbyordinaryconjunctionssuchaswhat,how,which,etc.orprepositions.——顺序译出Ex.9.I’lltrytomakeupwhatIhavemissed.我要把缺掉的补起来。ObjectClause•10.Idon’tbelievethatsheeverhadtimetonoticethatshewasgrowingold.•我相信她从来没有功夫去注意到自己是在日益衰老。ObjectClause•11.TomostpeopleitisnoteasytoexplainwhyEinstein'stheoryeventuallyshookthewholescientificandintellectualworld.•为什么爱因斯坦的学说最后震撼了整个科学界和思想界，这对大多数人是难以解释清楚的。•12.Shewasneversatisfiedwithwhatshehadachieved.•她从不满足于她取得的成就。•13.IhavenotmadeupmymindastowhatelectivecourseIamtotakenetterm.•我还有决定下学期上哪些选修课。ObjectClause•Type2:“it”isusedasformalobject•汉译时，（1）宾语从句可按原文顺序译出，但it可省译。如：•14.Ileaveittoyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.•我让你自己判断，这件事该不该做。ObjectClause•15.Imadeitcleartothestudentsthattheymusthandintheirassignmentsbefore11a.m.•我给学生讲明，他们必须在上午11点前交作业。ObjectClause•(2)先译出宾语从句，再译出主句部分，将原句译成分句•16.IthinkitquitetruethatheventuredouttoShangri-la.•他又冒险去香格里拉了，我觉得这件事千真万确。ObjectClause•Type3:whenobjectclauseisbeforethemainclauseObjectClause•17.Whethertheylikeitornot,Idon’tcare.•他们喜不喜欢，我可不管。•18.Whattheywereaskedtodoin10days,theyfinishedintwo.•让他们十天做的事，他们两天就做完了。PredicativeClause•Type1:subject+be/L-verb+predicative•Type2:This/Thatiswhy…This/Thatisbecause…PredicativeClause•Type1:subject+be+predicative——顺序译出•Ex.19.Thequestionwhichworrieseveryonetodayishowlongwillthesefuelslast?•今天人人都担心的问题是：这些燃料能维持多久？PredicativeClause•20.Thesecondgeneralmessageisthatfuturegrowthmustbesustainable.•第二个原则是，未来的增长必须具有可持续性。PredicativeClause•Type2:•This/Thatiswhy…This/Thatisbecause…PredicativeClause(1)This/Thatiswhy…•Ex.21.Thatiswhythe“know-all”isridiculous.•“万事通”之所以可笑，原因就在于这个地方。/那就是“万事通”为什么可笑的原因。•22.Thatiswhywedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.•这就是我们坚决推迟讨论的原因。/我们推迟讨论的原因就在于此。PredicativeClause(2)“that(it)isbecause…”Ex.23.“Ifhaveseenfartherthanothermen,itisbecauseIhavestoodontheshouldersofgiants”(Newton)•“要说我比别人望得远了一点，那是因为我已经站在了巨人的肩旁上。”（牛顿）PredicativeClause•(3)“Thisiswhat…”•24.Thisiswhatwearefirmlyagainst.•这是我们坚决反对的。•25.Thisiswhatheiseagertodo.•这就是他所渴望做的。PredicativeClause•26.Rawmaterialiswhatwearebadlyinneedof.•我们急需的是原料。AppositiveClause•Technique1:translateaccordingtotheoriginalorder——顺序译出•Technique2:ininvertedorder,ie.Putitaheadofthemainclause.——提前主句用复指•Technique3:addsomewordsorpunctuation.——加词或标点符号•Technique4:translateitasanattribute——译为定语•Technique1:translateaccordingtotheoriginalorder——顺序译出•有时也可以加上“就是”这一类的词，以形成“thefact就是that…”的句型结构。•Ex.27.Mostremarkableofallisthefactthateachquestionwasdecidedlyconsensus,thusenhancingprospectsthatthetreatywillwinapprovalwhenitcomesupforratification.•最值得注意的是关于每一个问题的决定都是以协商一致方式通过的，这就增加了这项条约在交付批准时得到赞成的可能性。•Technique2:ininvertedorder,ie.Putitaheadofthemainclause.——提前主句用复指•Ex.28.Theolddictumthatthestyleisthemaniswellknown.•文如其人，这句话是大家都熟悉的。•Technique3:addsomewordsorpunctuation.——加词或标点符号•Ex.29.Butconsideredrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。30.Andtherewasthepossibilitythatasmallelectricalsparkmightaccidentallybypassthemostcarefullyplannedcircuit.而且有这种可能性——一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路。•31.…butthisdoesnotinanywayalterthefactthattheyarenow,fromapracticalpointofview,irrational.…•但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实，即从实用的观点来看，它们今天仍是不合理的。•Technique4:translateitasanattribute——译为定语•Ex.32.Therewaslittleprobabilitythattheywouldsucceed.•他们成功的可能性极小。•Ex.33.Thenewsthatsomeonehadfallenoffhadgonethroughthepassengerslikewildfire,thoughmanyremainedunclearforsometimeastojustwhathadhappened.•有人掉下火车的消息在旅客中不胫而走，虽然很多人一时还弄不明白究竟发生了什么事。•34.Thisthoughtcametohimthatmaybehehadlefthiskeysinthebedroom.•他突然想起他可能把钥匙遗忘在卧室里了。•35.Hegavetheorderthatalltheprisonersbesetfree.•他命令释放所有的犯人。Thankyou